Outreach, Global Health, and Working Beyond Boundaries Megan Johnson Mark G. Shrime Krishnan Raghavendran GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE Quantifying the magnitude of morbidity and mortality worldwide is difficult, with complicating…
Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Surgery: Creating a Culture for Success Mark S. Cohen INTRODUCTION The future of health care rides on a wave of technological advances that improve not only…
Leadership Development Justin B. Dimick MOTIVATION Leadership in academic surgery is changing. Evolving needs, structures, and sensibilities combine to create demand for a different kind of surgical leader. The hierarchical,…
Mentorship and Sponsorship Jennifer F. Waljee INTRODUCTION Mentorship is defined as a professional partnership in which knowledge, skills, and wisdom are imparted between individuals for the purpose of career development…
Faculty Recruitment Erika Adams Newman David J. Brown BENEFITS OF TEAM DIVERSITY The faculty makeup at academic institutions does not represent modern society. Women and faculty of color are underrepresented…
Unconscious Bias Samir K. Gadepalli Erin E. Perrone Erika Adams Newman Unconscious and implicit biases are the immediate and rapid thoughts carried beneath conscious awareness. Such thoughts form stereotypes and…
Underrepresented Minorities in Surgery Erika Adams Newman David J. Brown CATALYSTS FOR DIVERSITY Medical school enrollment of ethnic minority groups continues to decline, and underrepresented minorities (URMs: African American, Mexican…
Women in Surgery Dawn Coleman Dana A. Telem For the past 15 years, near-equal complements of men and women have entered American medical schools. Despite this, considerable gender-based inequities persist…
Building a Creative Culture Michael W. Mulholland CREATIVITY Creativity is the key to success. Contemporary American surgery is uniquely expensive, highly scrutinized, and challenged by societal and economic expectations. In…
12.1 Significance and Function of the Thoracic Region The thoracic region is one of the stable and comparatively rigid sections of the vertebral column. Initially, this may appear to be…
