Fig. 1 Sharpening sensory acuity through lateral interaction. In the visual system, a center-surround receptive field sharpens the spatial input for visual acuity. By analogy, a stimulus-counter-stimulus receptive field may…
Fig. 1 Keratinocytes, epidermal immune cells, and sensory neuron afferents communicate via cell–cell signaling factors. Keratinocytes release factors that influence immune cell activity (A), such as chemokines and cytokines. Immune…
Qualitatively different from ACTH-(1–24)-elicited body groominga Mechanistically different from the scratching associated with ODT8-SS, a somatostatin analogueb Also observed after intraperiaqueductalb gray infusion and intrathecal administrationc but not after intravenous…
Fig. 1 The overlap of brain activations induced by histamine itch (in green) and by cowhage itch (in blue) illustrates the regions coactivated (in red) and distinct areas activated separately…
Category Diseases in dogs I. Dermatological Arising from “diseases of the skin”: e.g., ectoparasites (e.g., scabies, fleas, etc.), allergies (e.g., atopic dermatitis, urticaria, flea allergy dermatitis, etc.), infections (staphylococcal folliculitis,…
TLR Subcellular localization Exogenous ligands Origin of exogenous ligand Endogenous ligands TLR1/TLR2 Cell surface Triacyl lipopeptides Bacteria, viruses Unknown (Pam3CSK4) TLR2/TLR6 Cell surface Diacyl lipopeptides PGN Bacteria, viruses HSP-60, HSP-70,…
Fig. 1 Lack of corresponding functionally defined C-fiber classes in primates and molecular markers in rodents. Only for the markers of Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptor B4 (MrgprB4) and vesicular glutamate transporter…
Fig. 1 TRP channels expressed on the peripheral terminals of sensory neurons as molecular targets for itch- and pain-producing agents. Please note that TRPV1 is a direct downstream target for…
Fig. 1 Schematic representation of desirable sites of action of antipruritic agents. Since vigorous scratching worsens skin conditions, suppression of both itching and scratching is important in the treatment of…
