The History of Surgery
Fig. 1.1 Egyptian surgical instruments – on a bas-relief in the “Birth House” at Kom Ombos, Egypt, B.C. 146 (Wellcome Library, London. Wellcome Images) The origin of the word surgery comes…
Surgical Training, Simulation and Assessment
Informal mentoring Formal mentoring Simpler to execute due to lower expectations Greater workforce, monitoring, communication & administration May be less successful despite high satisfaction levels Training is not necessary Support…
International Careers: Training and Working Abroad
Country considerations Placement considerations Low-resource/developing country vs. high-resource/developed country Budget Visa and home office restrictions Language Time of year e.g. Monsoon season Cultural experience Opportunities for holiday Particular specialty or…
Anaesthetics
Fig. 6.1 Role of the anaesthetist (Image drawn by Akhil Gupta 2014) In the post-operative setting, the anaesthetist may provide an enhanced level of care in the high dependency unit…
Ophthalmology
Fig. 14.1 Schematic of the eye with ocular structures labelled Table 14.1 Description of ocular structures (anterior to posterior) Structure Comments Cornea A transparent, avascular structure that joins the sclera…
General and Emergency Surgery
Fig. 19.1 McBurney’s point can be found 2/3 of the distance from the umbilicus to the right anterior superior iliac spine An appendix can be removed by an open procedure…
ENT Surgery
Fig. 15.1 Grommet Indications Bilateral otitis media with effusion (OME) of longer than 3 months duration. Recurrent acute otitis media (AOM). Complications of AOM e.g. mastoiditis or facial nerve palsy….
Neurosurgery
Fig. 13.1 Arterial supply of the cerebrum Venous Drainage This system drains into the internal jugular vein. Notably, the bridging veins of the superior sagittal sinus are vulnerable to rupture…
Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS)
1805 P. Bozzini Inventor of “Lichtleiter” Composed of Mirrors, a wax candle for illumination and an urethral cannula used to visualise GU tract 1853 A. J. Desormeaux “Father of endoscopy”…
Anatomy for Surgeons
Plate 2.1 Sensory supply of abdominal viscera and body wall. The figure can be read from left to right in order to ‘map’ a given source of visceral pain to…
