Otolaryngology
EAC, external auditory canal; OM, otitis media; TM, tympanic membrane. TREATMENT The EAC should be carefully cleaned by flushing out excess cerumen, desquamated skin, purulent material, and any foreign body,…
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Asthma
DIAGNOSIS Clinical Presentation COPD is an insidious disease, with dyspnea being the predominant presenting symptom. However, dyspnea typically does not develop until the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second)…
Arrhythmia and Syncope
Figure 10-1 Arrhythmia classification. AVB, atrioventricular block; AVNRT, atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia; AVRT, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia; bpm, beats per minute; SVT, supraventricular tachycardia; VT, ventricular tachycardia. TACHYARRHYTHMIAS Tachyarrhythmias exhibit a…
General Infectious Diseases
Data from McIsaac WJ, White D, Tannenbaum D, et al. A clinical score to reduce unnecessary antibiotic use in patients with sore throat. CMAJ 1998;158:75–83. Diagnostic Testing Throat cultures are…
Psychiatry
TABLE 42-1 Psychiatric Differential Diagnosis for Major Depression5,8 TREATMENT Depression treatment consists of three phases15,16: Acute therapy (usually 6 to 12 weeks) Continuation (4 to 9 months), which targets prevention…
Acute Kidney Injury, Glomerulopathy, and Chronic Kidney Disease
Postrenal Failure Ureteral obstruction (e.g., calculus, tumor, clot, sloughed papillae, and external compression) Bladder outlet obstruction (e.g., prostatic hypertrophy, neurogenic bladder, carcinoma, and urethral stricture) DIAGNOSIS Clinical Presentation History Urine…
Ischemic Heart Disease
CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Modified from Pearson TA, Mensah GA, Alexander RW, et al. Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease: application to clinical and public health practice….
Interstitial Lung Diseases and Pulmonary Hypertension
DIAGNOSIS Clinical Presentation A general approach to the diagnosis of ILD is presented in Figure 17-1.3 Figure 17-1 Approach to diagnosing interstitial lung diseases. (BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CXR, plain chest…
Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy
Figure 8-1 Heart failure (HF) classification by disease stage with appropriate therapeutic goals. ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; AF, atrial fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRT, Cardiac…
Allergy and Immunology
A-1st, first-generation antihistamine; A-2nd, second-generation antihistamine; AC, allergic conjunctivitis; ANA, anaphylaxis; AR, allergic rhinitis; AS, asthma; IAC, inhaled anticholinergic; IS, inhaled steroid; LABA, long-acting bronchodilator; LTA, leukotriene antagonist; MS, mast…
