Hemiplegia
37 Hemiplegia Instruction Carry out a neurological examination of this patient. Salient features History • Obtain history of headache, seizures and loss of consciousness (more common in subarachnoid haemorrhage or…
Mitral valve prolapse
20 Mitral valve prolapse Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Salient features History • Palpitations associated with mild tachyarrhythmias • Increased adrenergic symptoms • Chest pain • Anxiety or fatigue. Examination…
Slow pulse rate
11 Slow pulse rate Instruction Examine this patient’s pulse. Salient features History • Drug history: beta-blockers, digoxin, verapamil • Ask whether the patient is an athlete • Symptoms, which are…
Atrial fibrillation
9 Atrial fibrillation Instruction Examine this patient’s pulse. Salient features History • Palpitations • Pre-syncope, dizziness • Fatigue • Dyspnoea • Asymptomatic and atrial fibrillation (AF) is discovered incidentally •…
Congestive cardiac failure
16 Congestive cardiac failure Instruction Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Dyspnoea on exertion • Past history of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy Examination • Signs…
Tricuspid regurgitation
19 Tricuspid regurgitation Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Intravenous drug abuse • Trauma to the chest • Rheumatic fever • COPD….
Angina pectoris
13 Angina pectoris Instruction This patient is suspected to have angina pectoris. Would you like to ask her a few questions and perform a relevant examination, to confirm these suspicions?…
Permanent cardiac pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
32 Permanent cardiac pacemaker/implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Instruction Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Past history of syncope (Stokes–Adams attacks) and heart block • Dizziness (pacemaker syndrome). Examination •…
Patent ductus arteriosus
24 Patent ductus arteriosus Instruction Examine this patient’s heart. Examine this patient’s cardiovascular system. Salient features History • Asymptomatic • Bronchitis or dyspnoea on exertion in severe cases • Take…
Prosthetic heart valves
18 Prosthetic heart valves Instruction Listen to this patient’s heart. Salient features • Mitral valve prostheses can be recognized by their site, metallic first heart sound, normal second heart sound…
