How histological stains work
9 How histological stains work Richard W. Horobin Introduction All histological staining methods, from acid dyeing to silver impregnation, are based on the same physicochemical principles, as will be described…
Microtomy: Paraffin and frozen
7 Microtomy Paraffin and frozen Lena T. Spencer, John D. Bancroft Introduction The basic principles of microtomy are applicable to both paraffin and frozen sections. This chapter will discuss the…
Safety and ergonomics in the laboratory
2 Safety and ergonomics in the laboratory John D. Bancroft There are numerous workplace hazards in histology laboratories, and most countries have now passed regulations designed to improve this. These…
Managing the laboratory
1 Managing the laboratory Louise Dunk Introduction Management is an integral aspect of the day-to-day life of the histopathology laboratory and is a major requirement of the accreditation process required…
Herpesviruses II
Herpes Simplex Pathogenesis and Epidemiology Transmitted by direct contact. Invades skin locally producing skin vesicles by its cytolytic activity. Remains latent in the sensory ganglia. Reactivation is triggered by physical…
Herpesviruses I
Herpesviruses are enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses (120–240 kb) encoding for more than 35 proteins. After an acute infection, lifelong latency follows with the potential for relapse to occur later in…
Spiral bacteria
Leptospira There are two main species: Leptospira interrogans, which contains all of the pathogenic strains, and L. biflexa, a non-pathogen. L. interrogans has more than 200 serovariants that may be…
Environmental pathogens: Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Legionella
Pseudomonas spp. Most Pseudomonas spp. are environmental organisms that can cause opportunistic infections in a healthcare environment. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa This organism is widespread in the environment, but rare in the…
Enterobacteriaceae clinical syndromes
Salmonella There are two Salmonella species that account for the majority of human and animal infections: S. enterica and S. bongori. Salmonellosis Salmonella are host-adapted to animals and humans. Infection…
Pathogenicity of enteric Gram-negative bacteria
The Enterobacteriaceae are a large family (>20 genera and 100 species) of facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli that are easily cultured, reduce nitrate and ferment glucose. The wide diversity of named…
