20 Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) This mode of assessment is frequently used in exams to test clinical skills, including history-taking, examination, explanation and advice, and prescribing. It usually involves…
CHAPTER 11. CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER INSERTION Introduction89 NICE guidelines on ultrasound guidance90 Indications91 Contraindications91 Equipment91 Practical procedure91 Placement of femoral lines100 Complications101 Post-procedure investigations and care101 Measuring central venous pressure…
CHAPTER 16. ABDOMINAL PARACENTESIS AND ASCITIC DRAIN INSERTION Abdominal paracentesis131 Ascitic drain insertion134 Post-procedure care and investigations139 Complications140 Suggested reading140 Hippocrates (460–377 BC) was known to have utilized abdominal paracentesis…
CHAPTER 19. LUMBAR PUNCTURE Introduction155 Indications155 Contraindications156 Equipment156 Structures through which the spinal needle passes158 Practical procedure158 Post-procedure investigations163 Complications164 Suggested reading164 In 1885 the American neurologist James Leonard Corning…
CHAPTER 23. SUTURING Introduction185 Indications185 Cautions186 Contraindications186 Equipment187 Practical procedure187 Post-procedure care193 Complications196 Prior to his post as physician to the Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the Greek physician Galen (129–circa 200–216)…
CHAPTER 21. SUBCUTANEOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS Introduction171 Indications171 Contraindications172 Equipment172 Practical procedure173 Complications177 The Irish physician Francis Rynd (1811–1861) invented the hollow needle in 1844, patented in the Irish patents…
CHAPTER 1. AIRWAY CARE WITH SIMPLE DEVICES Introduction1 Airway management2 The first procedure used for airway control was probably tracheostomy. Pedro Virgili (1699–1776) from Cadiz used it for the relief…
CHAPTER 8. PERIPHERAL VENOUS CANNULATION Introduction67 Indications67 Contraindications68 Equipment68 Practical procedure69 Post-procedure care73 Complications73 Drugs, namely opium and Crocus metallorum, were first administered intravenously to dogs by Sir Christopher Wren…
CHAPTER 22. LOCAL ANAESTHETICS Introduction179 Indications180 Dosage180 Complications – lidocaine toxicity180 Contraindications181 Practical procedure181 Sigmund Freud was aware of the analgesic properties of cocaine, but its anaesthetic properties were recognized…
CHAPTER 6. VENEPUNCTURE (PERIPHERAL AND FEMORAL) Introduction53 Indications54 Contraindications54 Peripheral venepuncture equipment54 Practical procedure55 Femoral venepuncture equipment58 Practical procedure59 Post-procedure investigations61 Complications61 Venesection is probably the oldest surgical intervention. It…
