Amiodarone Methotrexate Antiretroviral drugs Nifedipine Clinical Issues • Symptoms may present after months to years of therapy Patients may be asymptomatic despite liver injury • Due to long half-life of amiodarone, may…
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) and erythropoietic protoporphyria (EP) associated with hepatic pathology • Terms “hepatic” or “erythropoietic” porphyria based on site of heme precursor accumulation Etiology/Pathogenesis • Genetic: Defect in 1 of…
Tumors – Goals of evaluation are to assess margins and stage tumor Medical liver disease – Goal of evaluation is to determine or confirm cause of liver disease &/or liver failure MACROSCOPIC…
Wide spectrum of disease ranging from subclinical to end-stage liver disease ∼ 20-40% of chronic alcoholics who undergo biopsy have histologic evidence of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) Clinical Issues • Very…
Preformed antibodies Donor-specific antibodies (DSA) developed after transplantation Microscopic • Hyperacute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) Fibrin thrombi in portal and central veins and sinusoids Neutrophilic &/or fibrinoid arteritis Patchy or massive hemorrhagic…
Range: 14-95 years • Predominantly female F:M = 20:1 Macroscopic • 90% of mucinous cystic neoplasms arise in body or tail of pancreas • Usually solitary and large Mean: 7-10 cm • Usually multiloculated…
Minority of patients have associated lipase hypersecretion paraneoplastic syndrome Macroscopic • Solid, well-circumscribed, fleshy mass • Average 10 cm in diameter (range: 2-30 cm) Microscopic • Densely cellular with multiple architectural patterns, most…
2 most common mutations (C282Y and H63D) account for vast majority of cases • Non- HFE- associated hereditary hemochromatosis occurs less commonly (5-10% of phenotypic cases) • Specific mechanism leading to iron…
Estimated 3-4 million persons infected in United States Etiology/Pathogenesis • Common modes of transmission include blood transfusion, needle stick Clinical Issues • Presenting symptoms nonspecific (fatigue, anorexia, nausea) Many patients asymptomatic • Liver…
Type 1: Absolute insulin deficiency Type 2: Insulin resistance and inadequate secretion Etiology/Pathogenesis • Unknown and multifactorial Possible autoimmune causes Some genetic causes Diseases of exocrine pancreas Clinical Issues • Laboratory tests…
