Cytomegalovirus
Most clinically significant infections are seen in setting of immunosuppression Etiology/Pathogenesis • Infection can be acquired before birth, at birth, or later in life Following active infection, latent infection may persist…
Acute Cellular Rejection
Enlarged, activated, or blastic T lymphocytes, eosinophils, and other inflammatory cells • Bile duct damage Lymphocytic infiltration and epithelial cell injury affecting interlobular ducts • Endotheliitis Subendothelial venous inflammation with lifting and…
Squamous/Adenosquamous Carcinoma, Gallbladder
Metaplasia → dysplasia → carcinoma sequence • Progression from preexisting adenocarcinoma Considered “metaplastic carcinoma” like that in breast • Gallstones present in 40-68% of cases Clinical Issues • 1-12% of all gallbladder carcinomas…
Polycystic Liver Disease
PLD occurring in 30-90% of patients Age-dependent increase in number and size of liver cysts Higher prevalence of PLD in women • Isolated PLD affecting < 0.01% of population • Asymptomatic in…
Mesenchymal Hamartoma
Gross AppearanceThe cut surface shows numerous variably sized cystic spaces admixed with solid areas. Minimal uninvolved liver tissue is present at the resection margin . Loose Myxoid StromaLow-power view shows…
Hemangioma
Incidence ranges from < 1% to 7.3% in autopsy studies Clinical Issues • Majority discovered incidentally Clinically silent – Tumors under 4 cm rarely symptomatic When symptomatic, present with abdominal pain, hepatomegaly,…
Chronic Cholecystitis
Radiolucent cholesterol stones Risk factors: Old age, female sex, obesity, hyperlipidemia Radiopaque pigment stones Risk factors: Chronic hemolysis, biliary infection, and gastrointestinal diseases affecting bile salt reabsorption Clinical Issues • More…
Candidiasis
Liver involvement is common Rare in immunocompetent patients Etiology/Pathogenesis • Candida albicans most common Endogenous commensal that is part of normal flora of GI tract, mouth, respiratory tract, vagina • Risk factors…
Drug-Related Granulomatous Hepatitis
Drugs reportedly responsible for up to 30% of hepatic granulomas • Drug-induced hepatic injury can mimic any other form of liver disease Etiology/Pathogenesis • Many types of offending drugs, including over-the-counter and…
