2: The Abdomen and Pelvis
Part 2The Abdomen and Pelvis Surface anatomy and surface markings Examination of the patient’s abdomen requires not only skill and gentleness but also detailed knowledge of its anatomy. Look at…
5: The Head and Neck
Part 5The Head and Neck Surface anatomy of the neck Introduction The differential diagnosis of lumps in the neck and the effective clinical and surgical management of pathological lesions in…
1: The Thorax
Part 1The Thorax Introduction The clinical anatomy of the thorax, together with the anatomy of radiological and other imaging techniques of the thorax are in daily use in clinical practice….
4: The Lower Limb
Part 4The Lower Limb Surface anatomy and surface markings of the lower limb Anatomically the upper and lower limbs are comparable to each other as regards the arrangement of the…
6: The Nervous System
Part 6The Nervous System Introduction For descriptive purposes, the nervous system can be divided, topographically, into two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous…
3: The Upper Limb
Part 3The Upper Limb Surface anatomy and surface markings of the upper limb Much of the surface anatomy of the limbs can be studied on oneself, or on an obliging…
Water, sodium and potassium
Chapter 2 Water, sodium and potassium Introduction Water distribution Water accounts for approximately 60% of body weight in men and 55% in women, the difference reflecting the typically greater body…
Hydrogen ion homoeostasis and blood gases
Chapter 3 Hydrogen ion homoeostasis and blood gases Introduction The normal processes of metabolism result in the net formation of 40–80 mmol of hydrogen ions per 24 h, principally from the oxidation…
The kidneys
Chapter 4 The kidneys Introduction The kidneys have three major functions: • excretion of waste • maintenance of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and composition, including acid-base balance • hormone synthesis….
