Psychiatry
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is primarily responsible for clozapine metabolism. Agents that induce cytochrome CYP1A2, such as tobacco cigarette smoke, will increase the metabolism of clozapine. Tobacco smokers may require…
Clinical pharmacology
The absolute bioavailability of a drug, when administered by an extravascular route, is the fraction of the dose that reaches the systemic circulation as intact drug, which is usually less…
Clinical immunology
3. Toll-like receptors function in which one of the following? A. Regulation of B-cell activation by antigen binding B. Activation of the complement pathway C. Recognition of microorganisms by the…
Endocrinology
Value Reference range 8 am plasma cortisol (nmol/L) 800 200–650 8 am plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (ng/L) 68 <50 Urine free cortisol (nmol/24 h) 850 100–300 Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test…
Management of Penetrating Neck Injury
Chapter 79 Management of Penetrating Neck Injury Ali Salim, MD, Demetrios Demetriades, MD INTRODUCTION Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) are notoriously difficult to evaluate and manage because of the complex anatomy…
Infrainguinal Revascularization
Chapter 60 Infrainguinal Revascularization Christopher J. Abularrage, MD, Richard F. Neville, MD INTRODUCTION Lower extremity revascularization is being offered to an increasing number of patients. This is due in part…
Component Separation for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Recurrent Ventral Hernia Repair
Chapter 55 Component Separation for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Recurrent Ventral Hernia Repair Brian Reuben, MD, Daniel Vargo, MD, Marga F. Massey, MD INTRODUCTION Since the 1980s, significant changes…
General Laparotomy
Chapter 6 General Laparotomy Russell J. Nauta, MD INTRODUCTION Conviction that one should undertake only an invasive procedure whose complications one can manage is a fast-fading tenet as increasing numbers…
