Endocrinology
Value Reference range 8 am plasma cortisol (nmol/L) 800 200–650 8 am plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) (ng/L) 68 <50 Urine free cortisol (nmol/24 h) 850 100–300 Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test…
Management of Penetrating Neck Injury
Chapter 79 Management of Penetrating Neck Injury Ali Salim, MD, Demetrios Demetriades, MD INTRODUCTION Penetrating neck injuries (PNIs) are notoriously difficult to evaluate and manage because of the complex anatomy…
Infrainguinal Revascularization
Chapter 60 Infrainguinal Revascularization Christopher J. Abularrage, MD, Richard F. Neville, MD INTRODUCTION Lower extremity revascularization is being offered to an increasing number of patients. This is due in part…
Component Separation for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Recurrent Ventral Hernia Repair
Chapter 55 Component Separation for Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction and Recurrent Ventral Hernia Repair Brian Reuben, MD, Daniel Vargo, MD, Marga F. Massey, MD INTRODUCTION Since the 1980s, significant changes…
General Laparotomy
Chapter 6 General Laparotomy Russell J. Nauta, MD INTRODUCTION Conviction that one should undertake only an invasive procedure whose complications one can manage is a fast-fading tenet as increasing numbers…
Right Hepatectomy
Chapter 31 Right Hepatectomy Jay A. Graham, MD, Lynt B. Johnson, MD INTRODUCTION In Le Foie: Études Anatomiques et Chirurgicales, Claude Couinaud first described the anatomic liver segments and nomenclature…
Adrenal Surgery
Chapter 42 Adrenal Surgery Arsalla Islam, MD, William H. Snyder, MD, Fiemu Nwariaku, MD INTRODUCTION Adrenalectomy is performed primarily for functioning and nonfunctioning tumors of the adrenal glands. Many technical…
Abdominal Perineal Resection with Colostomy
Chapter 26 Abdominal Perineal Resection with Colostomy Charles M. Friel, MD INTRODUCTION An abdominal perineal resection (APR) is the complete removal of the rectum and anus. The most common indication…
Pectus Excavatum
Chapter 82 Pectus Excavatum Brian J. Duffy, MD, David M. Powell, MD, Martin R. Eichelberger, MD INTRODUCTION Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital anterior chest wall deformity, occurring in…
