Fig. 10.1 The schematic diagram to show the PONT model. The lines represent the axons in the ON and the circles indicate the cell bodies of RGCs: the purple structures…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic model illustrating the signaling pathways involved in macrophage activation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharides. L. barbarum polysaccharides can activate macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2. TLR4/2-activated…
Fig. 1.1 Ripen fruits of L. ruthenicum (a), L. barbarum (b), and L. chinense (c) Table 1.1 Morphological differences and geographic distribution of L. chinense, L. barbarum, L. ruthenicum Species…
Fig. 5.1 a, b Smoothing effect of 3 % Instalift™ Goji solution applied to mature facial skin (a: time 0; b: time 60 min). Note the transformation in b of the initially…
Barber PA, Auer RN, Buchan AM, Sutherland GR. Understanding and managing ischemic stroke. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001;79(3):283–96.PubMed Barone FC, Tuma RF, Legos JJ, Erhardt JA, Parsons A. Brain inflammation,…
Sex of subjects Reproductive stages Species or experimental model Effect of wolfberry component Reference Male♂ Mating Rats, hemicastrated Shortened penis erection latency, mounts latency Luo et al. 2006 Increased successful…
Becker U, Gronbaek M, Johansen D, Sorensen TI. Lower risk for alcohol-induced cirrhosis in wine drinkers. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2002;35(4):868–75. doi:10.1053/jhep.2002.32101. Bedogni G, Miglioli L, Masutti F, Tiribelli C, Marchesini…
Fig. 7.1 Potential effects of Wolfberry on the prevention of AD. The development of AD is affected by various risk factors, which can increase the level of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation…
Effect Mechanism Tumors Decrease Oncogene Gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer Apoptosis Liver cancer Expression of several cancer-associated proteins Liver cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer Growth of cancer cells Gastric cancer, colorectal…
Fig. 6.1 Well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor. These parenchymal-rich, stroma-poor tumors produce cellular smears composed of a uniform population of mostly dyscohesive epithelial cells thus yielding a “solid-cellular” smear pattern. This contrasts…
