Basicmedical Key

  2.  Patients not expected to resume adequate oral feedings within 7 to 10 days of surgery should begin nutritional support within 2 to 4 days postoperatively, within 1 to 2 days…

II.  Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Surgical Procedures A.  The use of antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery involves a risk-to-benefit evaluation, which varies depending on the nature of the operative procedure (Table 41-2). It is…

A.  Pharmacokinetics   1.  Heparin is a highly charged acidic molecule administered by intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous injection.   2.  The precise pathway of heparin elimination is uncertain, and the influence of renal and hepatic…

B.  The nature of the connecting hydrocarbon chain is the basis for classifying drugs that produce conduction blockade of nerve impulses as ester local anesthetics or amide local anesthetics (Fig. 10-2)….

B.  With just blood gas and common serum biochemistry data, we can manage the majority of clinical acid–base disorders. C.  The central focus of treating acid–base disturbances is the understanding of the…

  1.  The Glomerulus a.  Glomeruli are found in the renal cortex and consist of a tuft of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule, the dilated blind end of the renal tubule. Glomerular capillaries…

A.  Epinephrine is a circulating hormone synthesized, stored, and released from the adrenal medulla. Its natural functions upon release into the circulation include regulation of myocardial contractility, heart rate, vascular and…

II.  Carbohydrate Metabolism. Carbohydrates comprise a group of organic compounds that include sugars and starches and, in addition to carbon, contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1)….

IV.  Histamine Receptor Antagonists. Histamine induces contraction of smooth muscles in the airways, increases the secretion of acid in the stomach, and stimulates release of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system…

b.  The physiologic anemia of pregnancy does not cause a reduction in oxygen delivery because of a coincident increase in cardiac output. c.  The additional intravascular fluid volume (1,000 to 1,500 mL…