Local anaesthetics
resting, when the channel is closed but able to open in response to a change in transmembrane potential, open, when the channel opens in response to an action potential and…
Erectile dysfunction
Fig. 16.1 Cross-section of the penis, showing structures involved in erection.This diagram shows only part of the rich nervous and vascular filling and drainage system in the penis. The left-hand…
The neuromuscular junction and neuromuscular blockade
Fig. 27.1 Acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction. (A) The released ACh acts upon postsynaptic nicotinic N2 receptors on the motor endplate, opening cation channels and an influx of Na+…
Myasthenia gravis
increased receptor destruction by complement binding, crosslinking of receptors, which causes increased receptor internalisation, receptor blockade by steric hindrance. The result is that fewer functional receptors are available for ACh,…
Inflammatory bowel disease
Fig. 34.1 Factors associated with inflammatory bowel disease.Investigations into the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease have confirmed the multiplicity of factors that might be involved. The association of some events…
The thyroid and control of metabolic rate
Fig. 41.1 The synthesis of thyroid hormones.Iodide is oxidised to iodine by thyroid peroxidase and incorporated into tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin, the colloidal substance that fills the lumen of the…
Respiratory disorders: cough, respiratory stimulants, cystic fibrosis and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Further reading Cough Bolser, DC. Current and future centrally acting antitussives. Resp Physiol Neurobiol. 2006;152:349–355. Chang, AB. The physiology of cough. Paediatr Resp Rev. 2006;7:2–8….
– Pharmacy Calculations
Learning Outcomes After completing this chapter, you will be able to Explain why it is important to follow a standardized approach when using math in pharmacy. Convert between…
– Medication Dosage Forms and Routes of Administration
Learning Outcomes After completing this chapter, you will be able to Explain why medications are often available in more than one dosage form. List three advantages of liquid…
