opioid analgesics (this chapter and Ch. 19) antimuscarinic agents, e.g. oxybutynin (Ch. 15), orphenadrine (Ch. 24), cyclizine (Ch. 32) antacids containing calcium or aluminium salts (Ch. 33) calcium channel blockers…
The administration of controlled amounts of the purified active compound removed biological variability in the potency of the crude plant preparation. The administration of the active component removed the unwanted…
non-erosive reflux disease, erosive oesophagitis, an acute inflammatory T-helper cell 1 (Th1) response (Ch. 38), Barrett’s oesophagus (intestinal metaplasia of oesophageal mucosal cells) with increased risk of cancer; this is…
unilateral pain, throbbing, aggravation on movement, pain of moderate or severe intensity, and one of the following: nausea or vomiting, light or noise sensitivity (photophobia or phonophobia). Pathogenesis of migraine…
Fig. 31.1 The pathway for production of uric acid from purines and the sites of action of some of the drugs used in gout and hyperuricaemia. Hyperuricaemia results from the…
Fig. 19.1 The origin of pain and suffering. Nociceptive pain is a defensive response to a variety of stimuli (e.g. mechanical, thermal or chemical) that activate nociceptor sensory units on…
Capillary and venous dilation can produce marked hypotension. In the skin, histamine contributes to the weal and flare response; an axon reflex via H1 receptors is responsible for the spread…
Fig. 15.1 Aspects of the bladder/prostate structures and the innervation involved in the micturition reflex.Bladder filling provides neuronal signals to the micturition centre via sensory input from purinoceptors on neurons…
Corticosteroids (Ch. 44) are often used to treat an acute relapse (e.g. intravenous methylprednisolone for 3 days or oral prednisolone for 3 weeks). They probably shorten the duration of an…
