and the Environment

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on and the Environment

Cancer and the Environment Although the theme of this chapter emphasizes the genetic basis of cancer, there is no contradiction in considering the role of environment in carcinogenesis. By environment,…

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Changes in Cancer

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Changes in Cancer

Cytogenetic Changes in Cancer Aneuploidy and Aneusomy As introduced in Chapter 5, cytogenetic changes are hallmarks of cancer, whether sporadic or familial, particularly in later and more malignant or invasive…

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Occurrence of Cancer

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Occurrence of Cancer

Figure 15-10 Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for cancers at various sites in first-degree relatives (child or sibling) of an affected person. A SIR is similar to the relative risk ratio (λr) that…

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Neoplasia

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Neoplasia

Figure 15-1 General scheme for development of a carcinoma in an epithelial tissue such as colonic epithelium. The diagram shows progression from normal epithelium to local proliferation, invasion across the lamina propria,…

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Specific to Particular Topics

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Specific to Particular Topics

References Specific to Particular Topics Acimovic I, Vilotic A, Pesl M, et al. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as research and therapeutic tools. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:512831. Ross CA, Akimov…

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References

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on References

General References Carlson BM. Human embryology and developmental biology. ed 5. WB Saunders: Philadelphia; 2014. Dye FJ. Dictionary of developmental biology and embryology. ed 2. Wiley-Blackwell: New York; 2012. Epstein…

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Comments

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Comments

Concluding Comments Many other examples of this phenomenon could be cited, but the key points to emphasize are that genes are the primary regulators of developmental processes, their protein products…

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Problems

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Problems

8. Given the pedigree below, what is/are the most likely inheritance pattern(s); possible but less likely inheritance pattern(s); incompatible inheritance pattern(s)? Patterns are autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, X-linked recessive, X-linked…

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and Environment in Development

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on and Environment in Development

Genes and Environment in Development Developmental Genetics Development results from the action of genes interacting with cellular and environmental cues. The gene products involved include transcriptional regulators, diffusible factors that…

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to Developmental Biology

Nov 27, 2016 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on to Developmental Biology

Figure 14-7 Diagram of the upper limb of three species: human, bird, and bat. Despite the superficially dissimilar appearance of the human arm and hand, the avian wing, and the bat wing,…

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