Abdominal swellings (localized) – lower abdominal
Key Points Retroperitoneal mass: no movement with respiration, difficult to delineate, resonant to percussion. Bowel masses: often mobile, may be well defined. Pelvic mass: difficult to ‘get below’, bimanually palpable…
Abdominal swellings (general)
Definition An abdominal swelling is an abnormal protuberance that arises from the abdominal cavity or the abdominal wall and may be general or localized, acute or chronic, cystic or solid….
Chronic abdominal pain
Definition Chronic abdominal pain is usually used to refer to pain that is either long-standing, of prolonged duration or of recurrent/intermittent nature. Chronic pain may be associated with acute exacerbations….
Acute abdominal pain
Definitions Abdominal pain is a subjective unpleasant sensation felt in any of the abdominal regions. Acute abdominal pain is usually used to refer to pain of sudden onset, and/or short…
Nipple discharge
Definition Any fluid (which may be physiological or pathological) emanating from the nipple. Key Points Milky discharge is rarely pathological. Purulent discharge is usually benign. Bloody discharge is often associated…