Drugs and the Endocrine System
Permission from Hermansen, K. Insulin and new insulin analogues, insulin pumps and inhaled insulin in type 1 diabetes, in Pharmacotherapy of Diabetes: New development (eds: Mogensen, C) Springer 2007 New…
Dose Response Relationship
Note: G-protein-coupled receptors are also called metabotropic receptors The basic concept of drug-receptor (receptor is used loosely to mean the binding target) interaction can be described by the lock-and-key model,…
Drugs and the Neuromuscular System
Fig. 17.1 Structure of neuromuscular junction (With permission from Oxford University Press; Br J Anaesth CEPD Rev. 2002;2(5):129–33) The area of the nerve which lies closest to the muscle cell…
Medication Errors
Permission from Elsevier; the Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011;40(5):485–92 1. Prescribing This involves the assessment for the need to prescribe a drug and the selection of the said drug. …
The Obstetric Patient
Drugs Used During Pregnancy and Delivery Care providers use many drugs for different purposes during pregnancy and delivery. There are some drugs that are used to aid with the delivery…
The Pediatric Patient
Fig. 20.1 Blood levels of a child exposed to doses of chloramphenicol calculated according to body weight (solid line) and blood levels in the child exposed to doses adjusted downwards…
Drugs and the Respiratory System
Mechanism of Action of β2 Agonists Activation of β2 receptors (β2AR) by β2 agonist results in activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) via a stimulatory G protein (Gs). This leads to…
Drugs and the Cardiovascular System
Fig. 11.1 The mechanism by which catecholamine exerts its effects. Gs-GTP: Stimulating Guanosine nucleotide-binding protein-Guanosine Triphosphate complex; cAMP: cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Ca2+: Calcium; SR: sarcoplasmic reticulum (Reproduced with permission from…
Drugs and the Renal System
Chronic kidney disease is defined as either kidney damage or GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 for 3 months. Kidney damage is defined as pathologic abnormalities or markers of damage, including abnormalities in blood, urine…
Drug Interactions
Pharmacodynamic Interaction This occurs when the action or effect of a drug modulates that of another drug, producing a clinical response that differs from that anticipated from either drug when…
