Displaying data diagrammatically
One of the first things that you may wish to do when you have entered your data into a computer is to summarize them in some way so that you…
Error checking and outliers
In any study there is always the potential for errors to occur in a data set, either at the outset when taking measurements, or when collecting, transcribing and entering the…
Study design I
Study design is vitally important as poorly designed studies may give misleading results. Large amounts of data from a poor study will not compensate for problems in its design. In…
Data entry
When you carry out any study you will almost always need to enter the data into a computer package. Computers are invaluable for improving the accuracy and speed of data…
Study design II
Variation Variation in data may be caused by biological factors (e.g. sex, age) or measurement ‘errors’ (e.g. observer variation), or it may be unexplainable random variation (see also Chapter 39)….
