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Fig. 13.1 Superoxide production in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The production of superoxide (O2 •−) is thought to occur at Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase), Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), or…

Fig. 22.1 Tobacco carcinogen and inflammatory response-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), bacterial, and viral products mediate inducible and genomic alterations in the PI3K-NF-κB, TP53/63, and KEAP1/NRF2 pathways in HNSCC. (a)…

Fig. 20.1 Schematic drawing of a cochlea cross-cut. A: apical part, responsible for low-frequency hearing; B: basal part, responsible for high-frequency hearing; 1: scala tympani; 2: scala media; 3: scala…

Fig. 7.1 Changes in auditory brain stem response (ABR) following a 106 dB, 2–20 kHz noise for 2 h in a mouse that had only a temporary threshold shift (TTS)….

Fig. 19.1 A scanning electron micrograph of the lower basal turn of a human cochlea. The arrow indicates the direction of insertion of a cochlear implant electrode array into the…

Fig. 3.1 “Core” reactions that produce or remove reactive oxygen species There remains debate among serious chemists (which this author makes no claim to be) as to which of the…

Fig. 15.1 General hallmarks of aging. A detailed explanation of the relevance of this hallmarks and its particularization to ARHL is given in the text (Reproduced with permission of Cell)…

Fig. 21.1 Pretreatment pure-tone audiogram of a patient presenting with right profound sudden sensorineural hearing loss Fig. 21.2 Posttreatment audiogram of the same patient treated with a course of intratympanic…