The ABR in hearing disorders and auditory dysfunction
7 The ABR in hearing disorders and auditory dysfunction ABR IN CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS Evaluation of the type of hearing disorder is of importance, especially in a child. When pure-tone…
The auditory brainstem response (ABR)
6 The auditory brainstem response (ABR) INTRODUCTION The auditory brainstem response (ABR) represents the far-field potentials recorded from the scalp, and comprises five or more waves generated from the auditory…
Electrocochleography (ECochG)
4 Electrocochleography (ECochG) INTRODUCTION Electrocochleography (ECochG), a recording of electrical activity generated in the cochlea and the auditory nerve, can provide useful information about inner-ear function. The main clinical application…
Basic principles of instrumentation and signal-processing
3 Basic principles of instrumentation and signal-processing INTRODUCTION The practising clinician does not need to know exactly how an evoked-potential (EP) system works, but he or she does need to…
ECochG in hearing disorders
5 ECochG in hearing disorders ECochG IN CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS Pathophysiology Hearing levels are elevated in patients with conductive hearing loss due to affected sound transmission and reduction of the…
Anatomy, physiology, and classification of the generators of auditory evoked potentials
2 Anatomy, physiology, and classification of the generators of auditory evoked potentials ANATOMY OF THE EAR AND THE AUDITORY PATHWAY External auditory meatus and the middle ear The anatomy of…
Monitoring auditory evoked potentials during neuro-otologic surgery
17 Monitoring auditory evoked potentials during neuro-otologic surgery CLINICAL PROBLEM Intra-operative monitoring of CM and AP can record objectively the results of stapedectomy operations at every step of the procedure….
ERA in hearing screening in neonates and infants
12 ERA in hearing screening in neonates and infants CLINICAL PROBLEM There is general agreement about the desirability of early detection and management of hearing loss. Even a comparatively mild…
Middle-latency responses (MLR)
8 Middle-latency responses (MLR) INTRODUCTION Middle-latency responses (MLR) recorded from the scalp have latencies in the range 10–50 ms. Some of the potentials are of myogenic origin, and most respond…
ERA in neuro-otologic diagnosis
15 ERA in neuro-otologic diagnosis CLINICAL PROBLEM The ERA tests are valuable in differentiating cochlear from retrocochlear hearing loss, confirming lesions, and detecting unsuspected retrocochlear pathology (Robinson & Rudge 1983)….
