Gout and Pseudogout
Gout and Pseudogout Feyrouz Al-Ashkar Crystal-induced arthropathies are a group of disorders that involve deposition of crystals into joints and soft tissues, resulting in articular and periarticular inflammation and injury….
Low Back Pain
Low Back Pain Kerry H. Levin DEFINITION Low back pain can best be described in terms of specific accompanying features. Low back pain is acute if it has a duration…
Parkinson’s Disease
Parkinson’s Disease Patrick Sweeney James Parkinson (1755-1824), although best remembered for the disease state named after him by Charcot, was a man of many talents and interests. Publishing on chemistry,…
HIV for the Primary Care Physician
HIV for the Primary Care Physician Wendy S. Armstrong, Marisa Tungsiripat DEFINITION AND CAUSES Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects primarily CD4+ T helper cells. Depletion of…
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Sherif B. Mossad DEFINITION AND CAUSES Upper respiratory tract infection (URI) is a nonspecific term used to describe acute infections involving the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx,…
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Katherine Freeman Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common in the general population and has a significant medical and socioeconomic impact. Its pathophysiology is still not entirely clear,…
Cardiovascular Emergencies
Cardiovascular Emergencies Hataya Poonyagariyagorn, Matthew Hook, Deepak L. Bhatt Cardiovascular emergencies are life-threatening disorders that must be diagnosed quickly to avoid delay in treatment and to minimize morbidity and mortality….
Cardiac Risk Stratification for Noncardiac Surgery
Cardiac Risk Stratification for Noncardiac Surgery Mazen K. Khalil, Wael A. Jaber One of the most common questions posed to physicians is about assessment of the cardiac risks of noncardiac…
