Autoimmunity

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Autoimmunity

Chapter 28 Autoimmunity Joanne Bradbury, ND, BNat (Hons) OVERVIEW Autoimmunity is a normal event, while autoimmune diseases result from an aberration of this normal phenomenon.1 Autoimmune diseases are characterised by…

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Diabetes type 2

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Diabetes type 2

Chapter 16 Diabetes type 2 Tini Gruner, ND, PhD, MSc AETIOLOGY Diabetes type 2, in contrast to type 1, is a lifestyle disease. It has become a public health burden…

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reference values

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on reference values

Appendix 4 Laboratory reference values The reference values and ranges for these blood tests are given in the system of international units (SI) and are based on guidelines from the…

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Human immunodeficiency virus

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Human immunodeficiency virus

Chapter 36 Human immunodeficiency virus Jennifer Hillier, ND AETIOLOGY Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; see Figure 36.1) is the infective agent behind the spectrum of symptoms involving the immune system and…

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Insomnia

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Insomnia

Chapter 14 Insomnia Jerome Sarris, ND, MHSc, PhD AETIOLOGY, CLASSIFICATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Periods of sleep disturbance due to acute stress or environmental change are common human experiences. The diagnostic DSM-IV…

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Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Chapter 20 Polycystic ovarian syndrome Jon Wardle, ND, MPH CLASSIFICATION AND AETIOLOGY Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a term to describe a constellation of clinical and biochemical features. For many…

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Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Benign prostatic hypertrophy

Chapter 26 Benign prostatic hypertrophy Kieran Cooley, ND, MSc AETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY While benign prostatic hypertrophy of the prostate (BPH) (or more accurately benign prostatic hyperplasia) and erectile dysfunction (ED)…

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Recurrent urinary tract infection

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Recurrent urinary tract infection

Chapter 27 Recurrent urinary tract infection Michelle Boyd, ND AETIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGY A urinary tract infection (UTI) is by simplest definition an infection that affects any part of the urinary…

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Endometriosis

Jul 18, 2017 by in GENERAL SURGERY Comments Off on Endometriosis

Chapter 19 Endometriosis Jon Wardle, ND, MPH OVERVIEW AND AETIOLOGY Endometriosis is the abnormal growth of endometrial tissue in areas other than the wall of the uterus.1 The exact cause…

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