Swellings

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Swellings

Scrotal Swellings Scrotal swellings are a common presenting complaint in the outpatient clinic. They are also therefore common in clinical examinations. It is important to be able to make a…

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Lesions

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Lesions

Toe Lesions Lesions of the toes are extremely common. They are caused by a variety of conditions ranging from simple ingrowing toenails to severe pain caused by ischaemia. Deformities of…

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Disorders

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Disorders

Tongue Disorders Tongue disorders are extremely common, ranging from minor furring of the tongue to extensive inflammation and malignancy. Tongue disorders are often a manifestation of systemic disease. Causes Furring…

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Gain

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Gain

Weight Gain Weight gain is extremely common and the most frequent cause is simple obesity. Excessive weight gain itself has deleterious effects on general health. With the exception of simple…

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Haematemesis

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Haematemesis

Haematemesis Haematemesis is the vomiting of blood. This may be frank blood or blood altered by the action of gastric acid and digestive enzymes, i.e. ‘coffee grounds’. Haematemesis is usually…

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Disorders

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Disorders

Gum Disorders Disorders of the gums are common, especially bleeding from the gums. Most disorders that cause bleeding are due to local infective disease but may be a manifestation of…

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Swellings

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Swellings

Groin Swellings These are common clinical problems, especially hernias. They are therefore common in clinical examinations. Causes Above The Inguinal Ligament • Sebaceous cyst • Lipoma • Direct inguinal hernia • Indirect inguinal hernia…

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Goitre

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Goitre

Goitre A goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland (Fig. 25). It can result from physiological causes such as puberty (due to increased demand for thyroid hormone) which require…

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Thrombocytopenia

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia is a low platelet count below 150×109/L. The causes of a low platelet count can be grouped according to reduced production, decreased survival or sequestration in the spleen….

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(Blood)

May 18, 2017 by in GENERAL & FAMILY MEDICINE Comments Off on (Blood)

Urea (Blood) Blood urea is a useful test of renal function. However, other factors such as liver failure, dehydration and protein breakdown may alter levels of blood urea. The normal…

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