Pulmonary Function and Related Tests
FIGURE 10-1. The flow-volume curve and volume-time curve from an effort meeting ATS acceptability criteria. The flow-volume curve has a deep inspiratory effort with a sharp complete expiratory flow. The…
Interpretation of Serum Drug Concentrations
FIGURE 5-1. The therapeutic range for a hypothetical drug. Line A is the percentage of patients displaying a therapeutic effect; line B is the percentage of patients displaying toxicity. Drug…
Hematology: Red and White Blood Cell Tests
FIGURE 15-1. Schematic diagram of hematopoiesis. In the fetus and children, blood cell formation or hematopoiesis occurs in the marrow of virtually all bones. With maturation, the task of hematopoiesis…
Lipid Disorders
FIGURE 14-1. Lipid metabolism. (Reprinted with permission from Longo DL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, et al., eds. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th ed. Columbus, OH: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.;…
Women’s Health
FIGURE 21-1. Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (GnRH = gonadotropin-releasing hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; (+) = stimulation of hormone secretion; (-) = inhibition of hormone secretion). MENSTRUAL CYCLE…
Rheumatic Diseases
FIGURE 18-1. Schematic of the antibody molecule. (Reproduced, with permission, from Diamond B, Grimaldi C. B cells. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Harris ED Jr, et al., eds. Kelley’s Textbook…
Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Testing
FIGURE 7-1. Sample polymorphic genes involved in drug pharmacokinetics. Polymorphic genes involved in drug pharmacokinetics are listed next to organs involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. VisiScience, Inc….
Common Medical Disorders of Aging Males—Clinical and Laboratory test Monitoring
CryptorchidismMumps orchitisOrchiectomyIrradiation of testesTraumatic injury to the testes5-α reductase deficiencyAgingAutoimmune disorders (e.g., Hashimoto thyroiditis or Addison disease)Medications: high dose ketoconazole, cytotoxinsKallmann syndromePituitary adenoma or infarctionProlactinomaMedications: estrogens, LHRH agonists (e.g., leuprolide,…
Cancers and Tumor Markers
(in colon)XHepatic cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, peptic ulcer disease, hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis, or Crohn disease may elevate CEA CA 15-3, CA 27.29Breast carcinomaXXOther cancers (e.g., gastric, colorectal, lung), benign breast disease,…
Substance Abuse and Toxicological Tests
SUBSTANCEPAST YEAR (%)PAST MONTH (%) Any illicit drug15.38.9 Marijuana and hashish11.56.9 Cocaine1.80.6 Crack0.30.1 Heroin0.20.1 Hallucinogens1.80.5 Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)0.30.1 Phencyclidine (PCP)0.00.0 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy)1.00.3 Inhalants0.80.3 Any illicit drug other than…
