1. Apply and assign the correct ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes in accordance with Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting 2. Identify major differences between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM related to the signs and symptoms and V/Z codes 3. Determine when to assign signs and symptoms codes 4. Assign the correct V/Z codes 5. Explain the importance of documentation in relation to MS-DRGs for reimbursement Please refer to the companion Evolve site for the most current guidelines. Although there are no guidelines in the Chapter 16 section, there are very specific guidelines in the general coding guideline section that address the coding of signs and symptoms, late effects, and impending conditions. Only guidelines applicable to this chapter are included; therefore, the numbering is not sequential. Codes that describe symptoms and signs, as opposed to diagnoses, are acceptable for reporting purposes when a related definitive diagnosis has not been established (confirmed) by the provider. Chapter 16 of ICD-9-CM, Symptoms, Signs, and Ill-Defined conditions (codes 780.0-799.9) contain many, but not all codes for symptoms. 7. Conditions that are an integral part of a disease process 8. Conditions that are not an integral part of a disease process Apply the General Coding Guidelines as found in Chapter 5 and the Procedural Guidelines as found in Chapter 6. Please refer to the companion Evolve site for the most current guidelines. 18. Chapter 18: Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified (R00-R99) Chapter 18 includes symptoms, signs, abnormal results of clinical or other investigative procedures, and ill-defined conditions regarding which no diagnosis classifiable elsewhere is recorded. Signs and symptoms that point to a specific diagnosis have been assigned to a category in other chapters of the classification. Apply the General Coding Guidelines as found in Chapter 5 and the Procedural Guidelines as found in Chapter 7. There are no ICD-9-CM guidelines for Chapter 16. There are a number of guidelines related to Chapter 18 in ICD-10-CM, and the guidelines address when to use symptom codes, as do the general guidelines in ICD-9-CM. There are additional guidelines for the following: • Repeated falls is coded to a V code in ICD-9-CM, but in ICD-10-CM, it is coded to a symptom code. • There are ICD-10-CM codes to identify a patient’s coma scale. • A guideline addresses the use of an ICD-10-CM code for functional quadriplegia. • In ICD-10-CM, SIRS due to noninfectious process is moved from Injury and Poisoning, Chapter 17 in ICD-9-CM, to Chapter 18, Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings, Not Elsewhere Classified. • There is a guideline for the use of code R99, Death NOS, in ICD-10-CM. Symptoms, Signs, and Ill-Defined Conditions (780-799), Chapter 16 in the ICD-9-CM code book, is divided into the following categories: Chapter 18 in the ICD-10-CM code book is divided into the following blocks: Chapter 21 in the ICD-10-CM code book is divided into the following blocks: See Figure 8-2 for details on an instructional note that appears at the very beginning of Chapter 16 of the Tabular List and applies to the entire chapter. This note provides information on the appropriate use of signs and symptoms codes. In ICD-9-CM the V codes and E codes are found in the supplemental sections of the ICD-9-CM code book, and codes are assigned in the same manner as other codes, that is, by looking up the main term in the Alphabetic Index or E code index and verifying the code in the Tabular. The Tabular List for the V codes is located after the Tabular List for Chapter 17, Injury and Poisoning. The Tabular for the E codes follows the V code Tabular List. It can be difficult to determine whether a sign or a symptom from Chapter 16 is routinely associated with the disease. It may be necessary to access resource books, such as Merck’s Manual, or the Internet to find the most common symptoms of a disease or condition. As was previously stated in Chapter 5 of this text, signs and symptoms codes are acceptable to code: When no definitive diagnosis has been established When they are not an integral part of the disease process When directed by the classification to assign an additional code It is not acceptable to code signs or symptoms: Assign codes to the following conditions. Many times, an abnormality or elevation in a test result will lead to further investigation or repeat performance of certain tests. The patient may be without any signs or symptoms, and no definitive diagnosis may explain the abnormality. Some of the main terms that may be used to assist with location of these codes include “abnormal,” “abnormality,” “abnormalities,” “elevation,” and “findings, abnormal, without diagnosis.” These abnormal findings must be documented by the physician to be coded. A coder should not code an abnormal finding on the basis of a review of laboratory results or reports of other diagnostic procedures (Coding Clinic 1990:2Q:p15-16).1 Assign codes to the following conditions. The V codes are located after Chapter 17 in the Tabular List. According to the guidelines, ICD-9-CM provides codes that should be assigned to encounters for circumstances other than a disease or injury. The Supplementary Classification of Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services (V01.0-V91.99) is provided to deal with occasions when circumstances other than a disease or injury (codes 001-999) are recorded as a diagnosis or problem. In ICD-10-CM, the Z codes are located in Chapter 21. 18. Classification of Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Service (Supplemental V01-V89) There are four primary circumstances for the use of V codes: 1) A person who is not currently sick encounters the health services for some specific reason, such as to act as an organ donor, to receive prophylactic care, such as inoculations or health screenings, or to receive counseling on health related issues. 2) A person with a resolving disease or injury, or a chronic, long-term condition requiring continuous care, encounters the health care system for specific aftercare of that disease or injury (e.g., dialysis for renal disease; chemotherapy for malignancy; cast change). A diagnosis/symptom code should be used whenever a current, acute, diagnosis is being treated or a sign or symptom is being studied. 3) Circumstances or problems influence a person’s health status but are not in themselves a current illness or injury. 4) Newborns, to indicate birth status b. V codes use in any healthcare setting See Section I.C.18.e, V Codes That May Only be Principal/First-Listed Diagnosis. c. V Codes indicate a reason for an encounter Relevant family history is often documented. It may be important to code a family history of malignant neoplasm of the breast when a patient has been admitted with breast cancer and is having a mastectomy. In the Index under “History,” “Family history” is a subterm, and it may be difficult to locate where the family history subterms start and stop (Figure 8-3). The status V codes/categories are:
Symptoms, Signs, and Ill-Defined Conditions, and V Codes
(V Codes and ICD-9-CM Chapter 16, Codes 780-799, and ICD-10-CM Chapters 18 and 21, Codes R00-R99, Z00-Z99)
ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting
Guideline Differences Between ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM
Disease Conditions
CATEGORY
SECTION TITLES
780-789
Symptoms
790-796
Nonspecific Abnormal Findings
797-799
Ill-Defined and Unknown Causes of Morbidity and Mortality
CATEGORY
SECTION TITLES
R00-R09
Symptoms and Signs Involving the Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
R10-R19
Symptoms and Signs Involving the Digestive System and Abdomen
R20-R23
Symptoms and Signs Involving the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue
R25-R29
Symptoms and Signs Involving the Nervous and Musculoskeletal Systems
R30-R39
Symptoms and Signs Involving the Urinary System
R40-R46
Symptoms and Signs Involving Cognition, Perception, Emotional State, and Behavior
R47-R49
Symptoms and Signs Involving Speech and Voice
R50-R69
General Symptoms and Signs
R70-R79
Abnormal Findings on Examination of Blood, without Diagnosis
R80-R82
Abnormal Findings on Examination of Urine, without Diagnosis
R83-R89
Abnormal Findings on Examination of Other Bloody Fluids, Substances, and Tissues, without Diagnosis
R90-R94
Abnormal Findings on Diagnostic Imaging and in Function Studies, without Diagnosis
R97
Abnormal Tumor Markers
R99
Ill-defined and Unknown Cause of Mortality
CATEGORY
SECTION TITLES
Z00-Z13
Persons Encountering Health Services for Examination and Investigation
Z14-Z15
Genetic Carrier and Genetic Susceptibility to Disease
Z16
Infection with Drug-Resistant Microorganisms
Z17
Estrogen Receptor Status
Z18
Retained foreign body fragments
Z20-Z28
Persons with Potential Health Hazards Related to Communicable Disease
Z30-Z39
Persons Encountering Health Services in Circumstances Related to Reproduction
Z40-Z53
Persons Encountering Health Services for Specific Procedures and Health Care
Z55-Z65
Persons with Potential Health Hazards Related to Socioeconomic and Psychosocial Circumstance
Z66
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Status
Z67
Blood Type
Z68
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Z69-Z76
Persons Encountering Health Services in Other Circumstances
Z79-Z99
Persons with Potential Health Hazards Related to Family and Personal History and Certain Conditions Influencing Health Status
Symptoms
Exercise 8-1
1. Alteration in mental status
_______________
2. Fever of unknown origin (FUO)
_______________
3. Right upper quadrant abdominal pain due to cholecystitis versus peptic ulcer disease
_______________
4. Ascites due to cirrhosis of liver
_______________
5. Oliguria
_______________
6. Renal colic
_______________
7. Change in bowel habits
_______________
8. Substernal chest pain
_______________
9. Loss of appetite
_______________
10. Ataxia
_______________
11. Generalized pain
_______________
12. Delirium
_______________
Nonspecific Abnormal Findings
Exercise 8-2
1. Significant drop in hematocrit
_______________
2. Abnormal coagulation profile
_______________
3. Proteinuria
_______________
4. Abnormal Pap smear with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS)
_______________
5. Abnormal mammogram
_______________
6. Bacteremia
_______________
7. Abnormal lead levels in blood
_______________
8. Positive Mantoux test
_______________
9. Elevated CA-125
_______________
10. Transaminasemia
_______________
Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services (V Codes/Z Codes)
Admission
Donor
Procedure (surgical)
Aftercare
Examination
Prophylactic
Attention to
Fitting of
Replacement
Boarder
Follow-up
Screening
Care (of)
Health, Healthy
Status
Carrier
History
Supervision (of)
Checking
Maintenance
Test
Contraception
Maladjustment
Transplant
Counseling
Observation
Unavailability of medical facilities
Dialysis
Problem
Vaccination
V02
Carrier or suspected carrier of infectious diseases
Carrier status indicates that a person harbors the specific organisms of a disease without manifest symptoms and is capable of transmitting the infection.
V07.5X
Use of agents affecting estrogen receptors and estrogen level
This code indicates when a patient is receiving a drug that affects estrogen receptors and estrogen levels for prevention of cancer.
V08
Asymptomatic HIV infection status
This code indicates that a patient has tested positive for HIV but has manifested no signs or symptoms of the disease.
V09
Infection with drug-resistant microorganisms
This category indicates that a patient has an infection that is resistant to drug treatment. Sequence the infection code first.
V21
Constitutional states in development
V22.2
Pregnant state, incidental
This code is a secondary code only for use when the pregnancy is in no way complicating the reason for visit. Otherwise, a code from the obstetric chapter is required.
V26.5x
Sterilization status
V42
Organ or tissue replaced by transplant
V43
Organ or tissue replaced by other means
V44
Artificial opening status
V45
Other postsurgical states
Assign code V45.87, Transplant organ removal status, to indicate that a transplanted organ has been previously removed. This code should not be assigned for the encounter in which the transplanted organ is removed. The complication necessitating removal of the transplant organ should be assigned for that encounter.
See Section I.C17.f.2. for information on the coding of organ transplant complications.
Assign code V45.88, Status post administration of tPA (rtPA) in a different facility within the last 24 hours prior to admission to the current facility, as a secondary diagnosis when a patient is received by transfer into a facility and documentation indicates they were administered tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) within the last 24 hours prior to admission to the current facility.
This guideline applies even if the patient is still receiving the tPA at the time they are received into the current facility.
The appropriate code for the condition for which the tPA was administered (such as cerebrovascular disease or myocardial infarction) should be assigned first.
Code V45.88 is only applicable to the receiving facility record and not to the transferring facility record.
V46
Other dependence on machines
V49.6
Upper limb amputation status
V49.7
Lower limb amputation status
Note: Categories V42-V46, and subcategories V49.6, V49.7 are for use only if there are no complications or malfunctions of the organ or tissue replaced, the amputation site or the equipment on which the patient is dependent.
V49.81
Asymptomatic postmenopausal status (age-related) (natural)
V49.82
Dental sealant status
V49.83
Awaiting organ transplant status
V49.86
Do not resuscitate status
This code may be used when it is documented by the provider that a patient is on do not resuscitate status at any time during the stay.
V49.87
Physical restraint status
This code may be used when it is documented by the provider that a patient has been put in restraints during the current encounter. Please note that this code should not be reported when it is documented by the provider that a patient is temporarily restrained during a procedure.
V58.6x
Long-term (current) drug use
Codes from this subcategory indicate a patient’s continuous use of a prescribed drug (including such things as aspirin therapy) for the long-term treatment of a condition or for prophylactic use. It is not for use for patients who have addictions to drugs.
This subcategory is not for use of medications for detoxification or maintenance programs to prevent withdrawal symptoms in patients with drug dependence (e.g., methadone maintenance for opiate dependence). Assign the appropriate code for the drug dependence instead.
Assign a code from subcategory V58.6, Long-term (current) drug use, if the patient is receiving a medication for an extended period as a prophylactic measure (such as for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis) or as treatment of a chronic condition (such as arthritis) or a disease requiring a lengthy course of treatment (such as cancer). Do not assign a code from subcategory V58.6 for medication being administered for a brief period of time to treat an acute illness or injury (such as a course of antibiotics to treat acute bronchitis).
V83
Genetic carrier status
Genetic carrier status indicates that a person carries a gene, associated with a particular disease, which may be passed to offspring who may develop that disease. The person does not have the disease and is not at risk of developing the disease.
V84
Genetic susceptibility status
Genetic susceptibility indicates that a person has a gene that increases the risk of that person developing the disease.
Codes from category V84, Genetic susceptibility to disease, should not be used as principal or first-listed codes. If the patient has the condition to which he/she is susceptible, and that condition is the reason for the encounter, the code for the current condition should be sequenced first. If the patient is being seen for follow-up after completed treatment for this condition, and the condition no longer exists, a follow-up code should be sequenced first, followed by the appropriate personal history and genetic susceptibility codes. If the purpose of the encounter is genetic counseling associated with procreative management, a code from subcategory V26.3, Genetic counseling and testing, should be assigned as the first-listed code, followed by a code from category V84. Additional codes should be assigned for any applicable family or personal history.
See Section I.C. 18.d.14 for information on prophylactic organ removal due to a genetic susceptibility.
V85
Body Mass Index (BMI)
V86
Estrogen receptor status
V88
Acquired absence of other organs and tissue
V90
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