Squamous Proliferations Other than Carcinoma



Squamous Proliferations Other than Carcinoma


Jesse K. McKenney, MD










Glycogenated nonkeratinizing squamous mucosa commonly occurs in the trigone and bladder neck of women. This is a normal finding and does not have any pathologic risk for progression to neoplasia.






Keratinizing squamous metaplasia may be seen in longstanding inflammatory conditions. This finding should be reported, as it may be associated with risk of obstruction or progression to neoplasia.


TERMINOLOGY


Definitions



  • Squamous metaplasia



    • Replacement of urothelium by stratified squamous epithelium



      • Nonkeratinized (except trigone) and keratinized subtypes


  • Squamous papilloma



    • Rare benign exophytic papillary squamous neoplasm



      • Unrelated to human papilloma virus (HPV) infection


  • Condyloma



    • Exophytic squamous proliferation with HPV viral cytopathic effect


  • Squamous hyperplasia, papillary and flat



    • Multiple layers of cytologically bland metaplastic squamous epithelium with flat or papillary architecture


ETIOLOGY/PATHOGENESIS


Environmental Exposure



  • Keratinizing squamous metaplasia



    • May be associated with chronic irritation



      • Catheters, stones, parasitic infection


Infectious Agents



  • Condyloma of bladder



    • Contains HPV DNA


CLINICAL ISSUES


Epidemiology



  • Incidence



    • Isolated urinary tract involvement by condyloma is rare



      • Associated urethral, vulvar, vaginal, anal, or perineal condyloma is common


  • Age



    • Squamous papilloma



      • Elderly women


    • Condyloma



      • Young sexually active population


Endoscopic Findings



  • Squamous metaplasia



    • Pale gray-white with irregular borders, often with surrounding zone of erythema


  • Condyloma and squamous papilloma



    • Appear as exophytic polypoid lesions


Prognosis

Jul 7, 2016 | Posted by in PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE | Comments Off on Squamous Proliferations Other than Carcinoma

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