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Canberra, Aust Capital Terr, Australia
Scientific Name
Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Sw.
Synonyms
Caesalpinia pulcherrima var. flava Bailey and Rehder, Poinciana bijuga Lour., Poinciana elata Lour., Poinciana pulcherrima L.
Family
Fabaceae also in Caesalpiniaceae
Common/English Names
Barbados Flower-Fence, Barbados Pride, Barbados-Pride, Bird-Of-Paradise Flower, Dwarf Poinciana, Flower Crest, Flower-Fence, Flowerfence, Paradise Flower, Paradise-Flower, Peacock Flower, Peacock Tree, Poinciana, Poincillade, Pride of Barbados, Pride-Of-Barbados, Red Bird of Paradise, Spanish Carnation
Vernacular Names
Argentina: Chivato Chico
Brazil: Barba-De-Barata
Bolivia: Pajarillo; Chamorro: Caballero, Kabayeros
Burmese: Daungsop
Chuukese: Simmata, Simota, Warepik
Cook Islands: ‘Ōva‘I, ‘Ōvai, Pī Tiare (Maori)
Czech: Sapan Nádherný
Danish: Påfuglebusk, Påfuglehale
German: Stolz Von Barbados
French: Aigrette, Poincillade, Faux Flamboyant, Orgueil De Chine, Petit Flamboyant
Hawaiian: Ohai Alii
India: Krishnachura (Assamese), Krishnachura, Krishanchura (Bengali), Guletura, Gul-Tora, Torai, Gulu Tora (Hindi), Kenjige, Komari, Ratnagandhi, Ratnaganhi, Kenjige Mara, Keneige, Kendge, Kenji Gida, Kanjage, Kenchige, Kencige, Ratnagandi, Channakeshava Gida, Eejimullu, Hote Seege, Kenjigemara, Kenjuga, Komaari, Nalligaane (Kannada), Settimandaram, Techimandaram, Tsjetti-Mandarum, Cekkimandaram, Chekkimandaram, Chettimandaram, Teccimandaram, Tsettimandaram (Malayalam), Krishanchura (Manipuri), Sankeshvara (Marathi), Tarra (Oriya), Krishnachuda, Krishnachura, Ratanagandhi, Sidhakhya, Sidhanasha, Sidheshwara (Sanskrit), Mayirkonrai, Mayuram, Nalal, Sirumayirkonrai, Mayilkonnai, Mayil-Konai, Cemmayirkkonrai, Cirontakam, Cirontakamaram, Cittimantarai, Cittimantaram, Irattinakanti, Kittimantaram, Kotinalal, Maikkonrai 1, Mancika 2, Mayikonnai, Mayilkonrai, Mayirkkonrai 1, Mayirpelavam, Mayirpelavamaram, Mayurakonnai, Mayuram 3, Mayuramaram, Perumayirkonrai, Pillicarikai, Pillicarikaimaram, Pirayakacceti, Piriyakam 2, Ponmayirkkonrai, Puccilakkonnai, Pumalekkinam 2, Tuccimam, Tuccimamaram, Mucuppira, Mucuppiramaram, Muyarcevitakkonnai, Muyarcevitam, Nalal2, Narikkonrai2, Vatamatakki 2 (Tamil), Pamiditangedu, Ratnagandhi, Sinnaturayi, Turayi, Pamidi Tangedu, Peydi-Tangedu, Ratna Gandhi, Kapura Maddi, Chinaturayi, Cinnaturayi, Paidithangedu, Pamidithangedu, Rathnagandhi, Sinnathuraayi, Thuraayi (Telugu)
Indonesia: Bunga Merak, Kembang Merak, Kembang Patra
Khmer: Dok Fang, Kan Gok Meas, Fang Ham
Kosraean: Rapotin, Repawtin
Malaysia: Chana, Cuban Haji, Bunga Cina, Hambul Merak
Marshallese: Emenawa, Jeimata, Jeimota, Jeimõta, Jemata
Mexico: Maravilla, Siikim; Mokilese: Shimatada
Niuean: Fisihetau, Fitihetau, Clavellina
Philippines: Bulaklak Ng Paraiso, Caballero (Tagalog)
Pingelapan: Seh Muatah
Pohnpeian: Sehmwida, Sem Tah, Semutha
Samoan: Lau Pa, Lau Pā
Satawalese: Waripik
Spanish: Flor De San Francisco, Caballero, Guacamaya; Macata, Francillade, Carzazo, Tabachín
Swedish: Påfågelsträd
Thailand: Khwaang Yoi (Eastern), Som Pho (Northern), Haang Nok Yuung Tai, Nok Yung Tai (Central)
Ulithian: Warapig
Vietnam: Diep Ta, Diep Cung, Kim Phuw Owng
Origin/Distribution
The plant is a native of the West Indies and Mexico and Central America. It is widely distributed and naturalized in the tropics.
Agroecology
A tropical tree species, adapted to temperatures of 15–35 °C in full sun to partial shade, from sea level to 1,000 m altitude or higher but is adapted to semi-drought conditions and tolerate extreme heat. It grows in a wide range of well-drained soils, from alkaline to acidic. It is moderately tolerant of saline conditions and is frost sensitive.
Edible Plant Parts and Uses
Botany
An erect, smooth much-branched shrub or small tree, 1.5–6 m high, branches unarmed or with a few straight prickles. The leaves are alternate, paripinnate, rachis 10–40 cm long, with 5–9 pairs of pinnae, stipules subulate, minute, caducous, leaflets opposite (Plates 1, 2 and 3), apetiolate, 6–12 pairs per pinnae, base unequal, rounded, apex rounded to retuse. Inflorescence in axillary and terminal raceme or panicle, 20–50 cm long; flowers bisexual, red, reddish-pink, orange, orangey-yellow, orange, bright yellow or creamy white; sepals 10–15 × 5–7 mm; petals crisped and clawed, 10–25 × 6–8 mm; stamens very long and very far exserted; ovary with 8–12 ovules (Plates 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) . The pod is nearly straight, flat, smooth, 6–12cb by1.5–2 cm wide with 6–8 rectangular, brown or black seeds.
Plate 1
Reddish-pink flowers, young pods and pinnate leaves
Plate 2
Close view of reddish-pink flowers
Plate 3
Orangey-yellow flowers, pods and leaves
Plate 4
Orange and orangey-yellow flowers with long exserted stamens
Plate 5
Bright yellow flowers, pods and leaves
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