This review describes global studies on of diabetes over years. Earliest study on prevalence of diabetes in India done by documentation record is in Kolkata in 1938 [5] followed by studies in 1959 in Mumbai [6]. More than 70 % of the population resides in rural area where studies revealed much higher prevalence that may be expected which started in early 70s. First ever Studies in rural areas of different parts of the country based on the WHO criteria were done on farmers following traditional life style and are dependent on agricultural economy [7]. The prevalence was higher among women above 50 years of age and that of men was irrespective of age. Prevalence of known diabetes was 6.1 % in all subjects aged 40 or over and rose to 13.3 % in the age group 50–59 years [8] as reported in door to door survey in 80s. Glucose intolerance is present 11.5 % of the rural South Indian population aged 40 years or over is the finding of 1994 study [9]. Very high levels of diabetes in comparison to rural population have been reported in urban areas of India [10] and other parts of the world in the age group 45–64 years and 65 years respectively. T II DM is designated as disease of elderly and middle aged but in recent years shift in the age of onset of diabetes is observed as major issue of worry in children as well as adolescents. The no of reports of children affecting from diabetes is increasing year by year day. Before 1990, there were only 2 reports; between 1990 and 1994, 4 reports; 1995–1999, 12 reports; and between 2000 and 2003, 53 reports and the number goes on increasing. A few of the findings are in the table below.