Ranolazine
Figure 9.1 Effect of myocardial ischemia on late Na current (lNa) and activation of the vicious circle of events due to lNa. Ranolazine inhibits Calcium overload and thereby improves myocardial…
PHARMACY
Beta-Blockers
Drug Partial agonist activity Lipid solubility Active metabolites Peripheral vasodilatation I. Non–selective beta–blocker (beta–1 and beta–2) Alprenolol + Moderate Yes Carteolol + Low Yes (weak) Nadolol 0 Low No Oxprenolol…
An Overview of Treatment and Guidelines: ESC/ACC-AHA/NICE
Figure 2.1 Summary of ESC guidelines for stable angina management (Figure adapted from Task Force Members et al. [1]).aData for patients with diabetesbIf intolerance, consider using clopidogrel Treatment of Atherosclerosis…
New Antianginal Drugs Still Not Available for Clinical Use
Acronyms [reference]/NTC Patients (n) Study design Treatment/comparator Primary end points Outcomes Allopurinol [7]/ISRCTN 82040078 60 R, DB, PC, CO Allopurinol (600 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks Time to ST…
Calcium Channel Blockers
Name of drug Type of CCB Standard dose Amlodipine Dihydropyridine Up to 10 mg per day Lercanidipine Dihydropyridine Up to 20 mg per day Nifedipine Dihydropyridine Up to 60 mg…
The Poisoned Patient
2. Increasing elimination (by manipulating urine pH, or by extracorporeal techniques) (a) Alkalinization of urine – weak acids like salicylates and barbiturates, ionize in alkaline urine resulting in an increase…
Fluids as Drugs
Fig. 29.1 Body fluid compartments in terms of volumes of fluid The ECF can be further subdivided into: Interstitial fluid compartment, water in dense connective tissue and water of bone…
The Obese Patient
Adapted from: Preventing and managing the global epidemic of obesity. Report of the WHO consultation of obesity. WHO, Geneva June 1997 Body composition of the obese is vastly different from…
Drug Distribution
Fig. 4.1 A schematic diagram showing the flow of solutes from blood to surrounding fluids and tissue-cells. Drug A, being more lipid soluble than Drug B, enters both interstitial (ISF)…
Oxygen as a Drug
Fig. 28.1 ATP output from a mole of glucose is different in the presence or absence of oxygen at the cellular level So, energy (ATP) requirements, and therefore oxygen requirements,…
