Liver Involvement in Systemic Diseases Lizhi Zhang, MD 19.1 INTRODUCTION Just as primary liver disease can affect other organ systems in the body, the liver may be affected in many…

Wilson Disease and Other Inherited Metabolic Diseases of Liver Lizhi Zhang, MD 18.1 INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction of liver can be due to several causes. Congenital deficiency of a specific enzyme…

Iron Overload and Liver Pathology Vishal S. Chandan, MD Michael S. Torbenson, MD 17.1 INTRODUCTION The medical community has recognized that iron accumulation causes liver disease for several hundred years,…

Fatty Liver Disease: Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Maxwell L. Smith, MD 16.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter covers the spectrum of fatty liver disease from sim-ple steatosis to severely active steatohepatitis. The chapter…

Drug Effects Michael S. Torbenson, MD 15.1 OVERVIEW The acronym DILI, which stands for “drug-induced liver injury”, is commonly used in the literature on drug reactions. In the United States,…

Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease Marcela Salomao, MD 14.1 INTRODUCTION Pediatric cholestatic liver diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses, including infections, metabolic disorders, congenital malformations, and many others.1 Liver biopsy…

Cholestatic Liver Disease and Biliary Tract Disease Jason Lewis, MD 13.1 INTRODUCTION Cholestasis is defined as impaired bile flow. It may be secondary to either hepatocyte abnormalities or compromise of…

Autoimmune Hepatitis Rish K. Pai, MD, PhD 12.1 INTRODUCTION Autoimmune hepatitis is defined as an unresolving hepatitis characterized by an aberrant immune response against self-liver antigens. This aberrant immune response…

Granulomatous Liver Disease Vishal S. Chandan, MD Tsung-Teh Wu, MD, PhD 11.1 INTRODUCTION Granulomas are localized collections of macrophages and other inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, that usually develop in…

The Almost Normal Liver Biopsy Michael S. Torbenson, MD 7.1 OVERVIEW Liver biopsies can sometimes be almost normal on histological examination, even when performed for clinical indication. The clinical indication…