Pediatric Umbilical Hernia Repair Raphael C. Sun Graeme J. Pitcher Umbilical hernias are the most common hernias seen in children. They occur as a result of a large or weak…

Open Repair of Ventral Hernias Evgeny V. Arshava Ventral hernias are classified as either spontaneous (epigastric, umbilical, Spigelian, lumbar) or postoperative. Most ventral hernias are postoperative (incisional) and occur at…

Laparoscopy: Principles of Access and Exposure Laparoscopic surgery requires intense attention to the details of the equipment used. Become familiar with the equipment used in your operating room. Ensure that…

Open Drainage of Abdominal Abscesses Most intra-abdominal abscesses are now managed by image-guided percutaneous drainage and antibiotics. Open drainage is used when percutaneous drainage fails or is not available, or…

Exploratory Laparotomy The choice of incision for laparotomy is influenced by the operation planned, the location of the probable pathology, the body habitus of the patient, and the presence or…

FAST Examination for Trauma Focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) examination has largely replaced diagnostic peritoneal lavage for initial evaluation of the patient with multiple trauma. The examination is…

Peritoneal Lavage: Insertion of a Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Peritoneal lavage is a diagnostic maneuver in which a catheter is inserted into the peritoneal cavity and fluid is aspirated. The character…

Carpal Tunnel Release The median nerve passes through a narrow, rigid-walled canal (the carpal tunnel) as it enters the hand. Here, it is vulnerable to compression from trauma, anomalous muscles…