10 Autonomic Nervous System 10.1 The Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems The autonomic, or visceral, nervous system innervates the internal organs. It is divided into three parts: the sympathetic, parasympathetic,…
9 Endocrine System 9.1 Overview of the Endocrine System A The endocrine system By secreting hormones, the endocrine system enables cells to communicate with other cells and coordinates bodily functions….
4 Lymphatic System 4.1 Overview of the Lymphatic System A Lymphatic organs and vessels The lymphatic system, which is widely distributed throughout most of the body, consists of lymphatic organs…
Fig. 10.1 (a) and (b) The axillary artery can be exposed through skin incision 2 cm below to the midpoint of the clavicle, following the curve into the deltopectoral groove…
Fig. 11.1 (a) After skin is open, the incision is deepened to the subcutaneous tissue protecting greater saphenous vein. (b) and (c) The deep fascia is dissected and femoral sheet…
Fig. 9.1 Renal vascular anatomy Fig. 9.2 AAST Renal Injury Grading Nephrectomy Indications Unstable patient with the kidney being the source of hemorrhage Failed attempts at partial nephrectomy Extensive injury…
Fig. 6.1 Line alba (a) and generous incision (b) for laparotomy Intra-abdominal Esophageal Exposure The intra-abdominal esophagus can be difficult to expose, and the difficulty increases with patients who have…
Fig. 5.1 VATS view of a broken rib (circle) Fig. 5.2 Intraoperative holographic depiction of a CT scan using the OpenSight™ System SSRF Technique The technique of SSRF can broadly…
Fig. 4.1 Dissect out left subclavian artery and control it with umbilical tape Fig. 4.2 Dissect and retract the left vagus nerve with a vessel loop while identifying and avoiding…
Fig. 2.1 Left anterolateral thoracotomy incision Fig. 2.2 Manual compression of the aorta Fig. 2.3 Clamping the aorta Fig. 2.4 Opening the pericardium Fig. 2.5 Cardiac massage—notice two hands Fig….
