Introduction Primary surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy has long been accepted as the standard treatment plan for cure for the majority of head and neck cancers, including oropharyngeal and supraglottic cancer….

Introduction The hypopharynx and supraglottic larynx are unique parts of the upper aerodigestive tract. These sites are critical to the functions of airway, speech, and swallowing. Therefore malignancy at these…

Introduction Augmentation cystoplasty is traditionally indicated for small-capacity, poorly compliant bladders, refractory to more conservative treatment strategies. Aggressive pharmacological therapies with anticholinergics or β3-mimetic drugs, intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin,…

Introduction The original robot-assisted hysterectomy was first published in the World Journal of Surgery in 2001. Nearly 4 years later, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use…

Introduction Splenic flexure mobilization is an integral part of total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer and for segmental resection of splenic flexure, distal transverse colon, and proximal descending colon…

Introduction Ureteral strictures may arise from a multitude of etiologies including ischemia, iatrogenic trauma, noniatrogenic trauma, retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF), radiation, malignancy, or ureteral calculi. Surgical reconstruction is necessary to preserve…

Introduction Robot-assisted right and transverse colectomy is rapidly gaining popularity among surgeons as the preferred approach for treatment of ascending and transverse colon cancers. This is partly due to the…

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common medical condition characterized by repeated nocturnal episodes of complete or partial airflow reduction. This leads to nocturnal desaturations, sympathetic overdrive, and cortical…

Introduction In a previously irradiated patient, salvage surgery remains the main, if not only, curative option for recurrent or residual squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oropharynx. Traditionally, a large…

Introduction Since its US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 2009, the utility of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) as a minimally invasive technique has continued to expand. Initially approved…