Key points • Multiple clinical guidelines, consensus statements, and expert management recommendations have been published for atopic dermatitis. • Most prominent guidelines are from the American Academy of Dermatology and…
Key points • Cutaneous microcirculation, a type of microvasculature situated just below the epidermis, is composed of major components of blood vessels (arterioles and venules) and lymphatic vessels. • The…
Key points • The atopic march is a phenomenon characterized by progressive development of atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and later asthma. • The mechanism by which atopic dermatitis…
Key points • Less than 50% of patients affected with atopic dermatitis have a genetic mutation of the skin barrier protein, filaggrin. Thus additional contributing factors, barrier defects, and beyond…
Key points • Both itch and pain are very frequent symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis, with a prevalence of more than 50%. • Patients with atopic dermatitis show neuronal…
Key points • Epidermis is the outermost layer of skin surface that forms the first line of defense against invaders from the environment. Keratinocyte is the epidermis’s principle cell type…
Key points • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex disease with various types of leukocytes involved in its pathology. • Multiple subsets of CD4 + helper T cells, which are…
Key points • There are three major types of epigenetic modifications: DNA methylation, microRNAs, and posttranslational histone modifications. • DNA methylation and microRNAs alter the expression of atopic dermatitis-associated genes…
Key points • Allergen-specific B cells are differentiated into plasma cells producing immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Through binding to the receptors (FcεRI and FcεRII), IgE induces cytokine and chemokine production…
Key points • The fact that up to 50% of atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have loss-of-function genetic mutations of skin barrier protein filaggrin points to a cutaneous weakness that allows…
