Metabolomics in Drug Response and Addiction
What Is Metabolomics? Metabolomics is the newest addition to the “omics” science. An “omics” has been defined as a neologism referring to a holistic view on biologic macromolecules, such as…
Neuroimaging Findings in Substance Use Disorders
Introduction A comprehensive understanding of the underlying neurobiology of alcohol and other drug use will likely prove essential in developing more effective prevention, early intervention, and treatment strategies. Ethical limitations…
The Assessment and Treatment of Addiction: Best Practices in a Direct-to-Consumer Age
Introduction Addictions are a constellation of complex and chronic illnesses that affect multiple domains in a patient’s life, primarily for the worst. Nosologically, they are defined by use of an…
Genetic Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorders
Introduction Genetic influences on addictive substance use vary across developmental stages of life. When an individual initiates substance use (i.e., experiments with drugs), environmental factors have a greater impact on…
Overlapping Striatal Circuits and Molecular Mechanisms in Rodent Models of Addiction and Depression
Overview of Striatal Circuits The striatum is a major brain nuclei in the basal ganglia (BG) system. The BG consists of set of corticobasal ganglia-cortical loops, which are a series…
Conditioning of Addiction
Introduction Addiction to drugs of abuse is a chronically relapsing disorder characterized by a compulsion to take the drug, loss of control of intake, and the development of a negative…
Pain and Negative Affect
Pain not only hurts. Pain can also lead to anxiety and depression, and patients with anxiety and depression experience pain more strongly and are more likely to develop chronic pain….
The Role of Endocannabinoids in Amphetamine-Driven Actions in Dopamine Neurons : Implications for Understanding and Treating Dysfunction in the Mesolimbic Circuit
Introduction Amphetamine (AMPH) and AMPH-type psychostimulants (e.g., methamphetamine, MDMA) are the second most widely abused illicit drug worldwide. Prescription psychostimulants like d -AMPH (Adderall) and methylphenidate (Ritalin) remain widely prescribed…
Role of Human Laboratory Studies in the Development of Medications for Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders
Acknowledgments Dr. Leggio’s work is supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) intramural funding ZIA-AA000218 ( Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology ), and jointly supported by the Division of…
Drug Reinforcement in Animals
Introduction Early demonstrations that drugs could serve as reinforcers, maintaining operant behavior in laboratory animals, led to the development of a model of human substance use disorder ( Box 6.1…
