Principles of Antimicrobial Activity Gerald McDonnell Joyce M. Hansen This chapter provides a general introduction to the central principles of antimicrobial activity and application as they apply to the different…
Microorganisms and Resistance Gerald McDonnell Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms can be classified under eight major types based on their essential structures: prions, viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae,…
Bacterial Resistance to Biocides Jean-Yves Maillard Chemical biocides are heavily used as preservatives, disinfectants, or antiseptics1 in an increasing number of industrial, health care, and domiciliary applications.2 Biocides have a…
Definition of Terms Gerald McDonnell Words are meant to convey meaning, but we cannot be sure that any word will convey the same meaning to every person under every situation….
Historical Perspective Eamonn V. Hoxey The use of disinfection, preservation, and sterilization practices to kill microorganisms or to prevent or inhibit their growth is as old as human civilization or…
Abstract Male infertility affects men worldwide with about 20 percent of couples having male factor infertility [1]. The routine semen analysis is the first step in the assessment of male…
Abstract The year 2020 is the fortieth anniversary of the introduction of the concept of “sperm DNA fragmentation” as related to human and animal male factor fertility. This concept was…
Abstract Fertility, pregnancy and childbirth are connected and inseparable realities that ultimately need to combine to result in a “baby at home”; each one of these phenomena possesses their own…
Abstract Several sperm DNA integrity and chromatin quality assays have been developed and used for the detection of sperm DNA fragmentation and chromosomal aberrations [1, 2]. The Comet assay is…
Abstract Spermatozoa are mature male gametes that are produced in the testes of a healthy man by spermatogenesis, with further maturation of sperm taking place during their transit through the…
