Ultraviolet Disinfection
Ultraviolet Disinfection Ernest R. Blatchley III Thomas P. Coohill Downes and Blunt1,2,3 conducted a series of logical, ordered experiments to examine the behavior of bacteria and fungi when exposed to…
Acids and Alkalis
Acids and Alkalis Md Ramim Tanver Rahman Luyan Z. Ma Mohammad Shafiur Rahman The word acid originates from the Latin word acere and essentially means to taste sour, associated with…
Kinetics of the Inactivation of Microorganisms
Kinetics of the Inactivation of Microorganisms Alfredo C. RodrÃguez This chapter considers the changes in the number of survivors (individual microorganisms capable of reproduction) with time. It is often applied…
Nonionizing Radiation: Microwave Radiation, Infrared Radiation, and Pulsed Light
Nonionizing Radiation: Microwave Radiation, Infrared Radiation, and Pulsed Light Mark A. Smith Electromagnetic radiation has proven to be effective for disinfection or sterilization for many applications. Effectiveness of such methods…
Importance and Processes of Cleaning
Importance and Processes of Cleaning Rizwan Sharnez The purpose of cleaning a device or equipment is to render it suitable for further processing or for its intended use. From a…
The Impact of Formulary Components on Antimicrobial Products
The Impact of Formulary Components on Antimicrobial Products Peter A. Burke José A. Ramirez Many applications of antimicrobials use the antimicrobial agent or precursor in its pure form (eg, ethylene…
Principles of Antimicrobial Activity
Principles of Antimicrobial Activity Gerald McDonnell Joyce M. Hansen This chapter provides a general introduction to the central principles of antimicrobial activity and application as they apply to the different…
Microorganisms and Resistance
Microorganisms and Resistance Gerald McDonnell Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms can be classified under eight major types based on their essential structures: prions, viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae,…
Bacterial Resistance to Biocides
Bacterial Resistance to Biocides Jean-Yves Maillard Chemical biocides are heavily used as preservatives, disinfectants, or antiseptics1 in an increasing number of industrial, health care, and domiciliary applications.2 Biocides have a…
Definition of Terms
Definition of Terms Gerald McDonnell Words are meant to convey meaning, but we cannot be sure that any word will convey the same meaning to every person under every situation….
