Introduction
Introduction Lymphadenitides are acute and chronic inflammatory processes of lymph nodes that occur in response to a variety of pathogenic agents. They may be specific or nonspecific, featuring necrosis, abscesses,…
Molecular Diagnosis
Molecular Diagnosis New insights during the last two decades have catapulted genetic studies of malignant lymphomas from a research tool to a routine laboratory test. Unlike immunophenotypic studies using flow…
Flow Cytometry
Flow Cytometry As discussed in Chapter 6, immunophenotyping is a key component of the World Health Organization (WHO) lymphoma classification and is necessary for the diagnosis of most specific lymphoma…
Immunohistochemistry
Immunohistochemistry Immunophenotypic analysis is extremely helpful and often essential for the diagnosis and classification of malignant neoplasms. Two major methods are used for determining the immunophenotype of neoplasms: immunohistochemistry and…
Cytochemistry
Cytochemistry Special stains and cytochemical techniques are particularly useful as adjuvants in the diagnosis of lymph node lesions by identifying various biochemical and enzymatic cell markers (Table 5.1). Periodic Acid–Schiff…
Electron Microscopy
Electron Microscopy It is easy and inexpensive to fix small samples of lymph node routinely in glutaraldehyde at the time of initial processing and decide later if they should be…
Cytopathology
Cytopathology Role of Touch Imprints/Smears in Lymph Node Diagnosis The histologic examination of lymph node biopsy specimens allows for the assessment of both architecture and cytology. Assessment of architecture is…
The Normal Lymph Node
The Normal Lymph Node Anatomy In the lymphatic pathway, lymph nodes are peripheral lymphoid organs connected to the circulation by afferent and efferent lymphatics (Fig. 1.1). These ovoid, round, or…
The Lymph Node Biopsy
The Lymph Node Biopsy Enlarged Lymph Nodes In adults, under normal conditions, only the inguinal lymph nodes may be palpable as several, firm, 0.5- to 2-cm nodules attached to the…
Introduction
Introduction Lymph nodes are among the organs from which biopsy specimens are most commonly obtained for diagnostic purposes. Their accessibility makes them an easy target for fine needle aspiration and…
