Autoimmune Hepatitis
Autoimmune Hepatitis Rish K. Pai, MD, PhD 12.1 INTRODUCTION Autoimmune hepatitis is defined as an unresolving hepatitis characterized by an aberrant immune response against self-liver antigens. This aberrant immune response…
Granulomatous Liver Disease
Granulomatous Liver Disease Vishal S. Chandan, MD Tsung-Teh Wu, MD, PhD 11.1 INTRODUCTION Granulomas are localized collections of macrophages and other inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, that usually develop in…
The Almost Normal Liver Biopsy
The Almost Normal Liver Biopsy Michael S. Torbenson, MD 7.1 OVERVIEW Liver biopsies can sometimes be almost normal on histological examination, even when performed for clinical indication. The clinical indication…
Kidney, Adrenal, Ureters, and Bladder
Kidney, Adrenal, Ureters, and Bladder LEFT ADRENAL (LEFT ADRENALECTOMY) INCISION Reflect the chest plate superiorly and the abdominal wall inferiorly (see Figs. 3.2 and 5.1), remove the previously dissected organs,…
Parasites in the Liver
Parasites in the Liver Bobbi S. Pritt, MD, MSc 9.1 INTRODUCTION Parasites are an important cause of infections in the liver and biliary tract and are responsible for significant morbidity…
Electron Microscopy
Electron Microscopy Taofic Mounajjed, MD 5.1 INTRODUCTION The rise of immunohistochemical, molecular, and serologic techniques in pathology over the past decades has somewhat sidelined certain diagnostic uses of the more…
Stomach, Duodenum, and Esophagus
Stomach, Duodenum, and Esophagus VAGUS NERVES (TRUNCAL AND HIGHLY SELECTIVE VAGOTOMY) INCISION Access to the chest and abdomen will facilitate this procedure (Figs. 3.2 and 5.1). If the chest has…
Small and Large Intestine
Small and Large Intestine OMENTUM (OMENTAL MOBILIZATION, OMENTECTOMY) INCISION Beginning at the xiphoid process, make a full-thickness bilateral subcostal incision through all abdominal wall layers. Use the mid- or posterior…
The Language of Liver Pathology: Definitions of Key Terms
The Language of Liver Pathology: Definitions of Key Terms Michael S. Torbenson, MD 3.1 INTRODUCTION Like all medical disciplines, liver pathology has its own vocabulary used to describe histological findings….
