Definitions Humans encounter bacteria, viruses and parasites that do not cause disease. An infection occurs when microorganisms cause ill-health. Term Definition Pathogen An organism capable of causing disease Commensal An…
Bacterial classification is important, revealing the identity of an organism so that its behaviour and likely response to treatment can be predicted. Bacterial Structural Components Bacterial cell walls are rigid…
The innate immune system, which consists of the normal flora, physical barriers such as the skin, antibacterial proteins and phagocytic cells, is an important defence mechanism against infection. Many responses…
Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Penicillins work by inhibiting peptidoglycan cross-linkage. Modifications to the penicillins have extended their antibacterial spectrum and improved absorption. Penicillins now include: natural penicillins (e.g. benzylpenicillin, penicillin V); penicillinase-resistant…
Principles of Antibiotic Therapy Antibiotics aim to kill organisms while causing no harm to the patient – this concept is known as selective toxicity. It is best achieved by inhibiting…
