Nonionizing Radiation: Microwave Radiation, Infrared Radiation, and Pulsed Light Mark A. Smith Electromagnetic radiation has proven to be effective for disinfection or sterilization for many applications. Effectiveness of such methods…
Importance and Processes of Cleaning Rizwan Sharnez The purpose of cleaning a device or equipment is to render it suitable for further processing or for its intended use. From a…
The Impact of Formulary Components on Antimicrobial Products Peter A. Burke José A. Ramirez Many applications of antimicrobials use the antimicrobial agent or precursor in its pure form (eg, ethylene…
Principles of Antimicrobial Activity Gerald McDonnell Joyce M. Hansen This chapter provides a general introduction to the central principles of antimicrobial activity and application as they apply to the different…
Microorganisms and Resistance Gerald McDonnell Microbiology is the study of microorganisms. Microorganisms can be classified under eight major types based on their essential structures: prions, viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae,…
Bacterial Resistance to Biocides Jean-Yves Maillard Chemical biocides are heavily used as preservatives, disinfectants, or antiseptics1 in an increasing number of industrial, health care, and domiciliary applications.2 Biocides have a…
Definition of Terms Gerald McDonnell Words are meant to convey meaning, but we cannot be sure that any word will convey the same meaning to every person under every situation….
Historical Perspective Eamonn V. Hoxey The use of disinfection, preservation, and sterilization practices to kill microorganisms or to prevent or inhibit their growth is as old as human civilization or…
