joints and muscle
10 Bone, joints and muscle The skeleton provides protection for the internal organs along with a strengthening and support system for the limbs. The presence of joints in the limbs…
hair and nails
3 Skin, hair and nails This chapter aims to familiarise you with the clinical features of skin disease and illustrates some of the more common skin disorders. The relatively sparse…
and children
12 Infants and children One of the challenges of paediatric medicine and child health is dealing with a range of patients, from the preterm newborn weighing less than 1 kg to…
breasts and genitalia
8 Female breasts and genitalia The clinical assessment of the reproductive system is often neglected in routine examinations because of patients’ discomfort and embarrassment and because of doctors’ reluctance to…
respiratory system
5 The respiratory system Disease of the respiratory tract accounts for more consultations with general practitioners than any other of the body systems. It is also responsible for more new…
nose and throat
4 Ear, nose and throat The ear Structure of the ear A diagrammatic cross-section of the external, middle and inner parts of the ear is shown in Figure 4.1. Fig….
male genitalia
9 The male genitalia Unlike the female genitalia, the male organs are readily accessible for examination. As for women, taking a sexual case history and examining a male is embarrassing…
medical history and record taking
1 Consultation, medical history and record taking The ability to take an accurate medical history from a patient is one of the core clinical skills and an essential component of…
Arterial Blood Gases
Figure 41.1. Oxygen dissociation curve. Source: This figure was published in Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, Hurst HW. Clinical Methods, 3rd ed. 1990:256. Boston: Butterworths. © Elsevier. Although they…
