CHAPTER 13 Carbohydrates: Gluconeogenesis, the Synthesis of New Glucose CHAPTER OUTLINE Critical Bypass Reactions of Gluconeogenesis Pyruvate to Phosphoenolpyruvate, Bypass 1 Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate to Fructose 6-Phosphate, Bypass 2 Glucose 6-Phosphate…
CHAPTER 44 Gut-Brain Interactions and Feeding Behaviors CHAPTER OUTLINE The Gut-Brain Connection Gastrointestinal Hormones and Peptides Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Oxyntomodulin Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Cholecystokinin Ghrelin Obestatin Pancreatic Polypeptide Protein Tyrosine Tyrosine…
CHAPTER 6 Hemoglobin and Myoglobin CHAPTER OUTLINE Myoglobin Hemoglobin Oxygen-Binding Characteristics Role of 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate The Hemoglobin Genes The Hemoglobinopathies High-Yield Terms Heme: is formed when iron is inserted into the chemical…
CHAPTER 4 Nucleic Acids CHAPTER OUTLINE Nucleoside and Nucleotide Structure and Nomenclature Nucleotide Derivatives Nucleotide Derivatives in tRNAs Synthetic Nucleotide Analogs Polynucleotides High-Yield Terms Nucleoside: refers to the complex of nonphosphorylate…
CHAPTER 27 Lipids: Bile Acid Metabolism CHAPTER OUTLINE Bile Acid Synthesis Pathways Enterohepatic Circulation and Bile Acid Modification Regulation of Bile Acid Homeostasis Bile Acids as Metabolic Regulators High-Yield Terms…
CHAPTER 1 Amino Acids, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids CHAPTER OUTLINE Amino Acids: Building Blocks for Protein Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids Classification of Amino Acids Acid–Base Properties of the Amino…
CHAPTER 20 Lipids: Triglyceride and Phospholipid Synthesis CHAPTER OUTLINE Synthesis of Triglycerides Lipin Genes: Triglyceride Synthesis and Transcriptional Regulation Phospholipid Synthesis Plasmalogens High-Yield Terms Triglyceride: also called triacylglyceride or triacylglycerol,…
CHAPTER 16 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex and the TCA Cycle CHAPTER OUTLINE Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Regulation of the PDH Complex Citrate Synthase (Condensing Enzyme) Aconitase Isocitrate…
CHAPTER 34 Nitrogen: Metabolic Integration CHAPTER OUTLINE Major Organ Integration of Metabolism The Master Metabolic Integrator: AMPK Structure of AMPK Regulation of AMPK Targets of AMPK AMPK and Hypothalamic Functions…
CHAPTER 15 Carbohydrates: Pentose Phosphate Pathway CHAPTER OUTLINE The Pentose Phosphate Pathway Reactions of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway The PPP and the Control of Oxidative Stress The Role of the…
