Basicmedical Key

Definition Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) describes malignant lesions in the mucosa of the colon (65%) or rectum (35%). Key Points Genetic factors have an important role in the pathogenesis of CRC….

Definition A chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown cause of the colonic mucosa, usually beginning in the rectum and extending proximally to a variable extent. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease together…

Definition Crohn’s disease is a chronic transmural inflammatory disorder of unknown cause affecting the alimentary tract (any part from mouth to anus). Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis together are referred…

Definition A peptic ulcer is a break in the epithelial surface of the stomach or duodenum (or Meckel’s diverticulum) caused by the action of gastric secretions (acid and pepsin) and…

Definitions Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a condition caused by the retrograde passage of gastric contents into the oesophagus resulting in inflammation (oesophagitis), which manifests as dyspepsia. A hiatus hernia…

Definitions Orthopaedics: Branch of surgery concerned with the skeletal system (ortho- [straight] + paes [child] = straightening the child. Varus deformity: the inward angulation of the distal segment of a bone or joint. Valgum…

Definitions A fracture is a break in the continuity of a bone. Fractures may be transverse, oblique or spiral in shape. In a greenstick fracture, only one side of the…

Definitions Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden deterioration in renal filtration function. Acute renal failure (ARF) is AKI such that global renal function is no longer capable of excreting…