■ The 360-degree fundoplication (Nissen fundoplication) is the most popular of the various fundoplication techniques. ■ Although fundoplication, when done by an experienced surgeon, results in control of GERD and significant improvement…
■ Cervical and thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans with oral contrast can be performed to diagnose esophageal perforations. An extraluminal leak of contrast medium can be seen in the prevertebral or…
■ Ensure that the sight is at least 2 to 3 cm from the left costal margin for patient comfort. ■ Mark the spot with a marking pen or press the needleless…
■ Primary ventral hernias are classified according to the diameter of the hernia defect as shown in Table 1.2 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS ■ Subcutaneous lesions at the site where primary ventral hernias occur,…
Frederick A. Moore DEFINITION ■ Splenectomy is defined as the surgical removal of the spleen. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS/INDICATIONS ■ Traumatic rupture ■ Autoimmune disorders ■ Red blood cell disorders ■ Genetic disorders ■ Lymphomas/leukemias/myeloproliferative disorders ■ Vascular disorders…
■ Advantages of CT imaging for the evaluation of incisional hernias are multifactorial: accurate diagnosis in cases of obscure or small defects; proper identification of hernia contents (small bowel, colon, solid…
■ Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the lower third of the esophagus may also be approached via THE, whereas tumors of the middle and upper third of the esophagus usually require…
■ Because there are few physical exam findings associated with GERD, the physical exam should focus on conditions that might suggest an alternative explanation for the patient’s symptoms. These include recent…
Waddah B. Al-Refaie DEFINITION ■ Total gastrectomy is removal of the stomach in its entirety including the gastroesophageal (GE) junction. This is typically performed for patients with proximal gastric cancer, including…
■ Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a critical staging technique for esophageal cancer (FIG 2). The EUS determines the depth of invasion of the tumor into the esophageal wall (T stage). Esophageal…
