Liver, Intrahepatic Mass: Diagnosis and Margins Oligometastatic colon carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumors to the liver may undergo resection. Surgeons often request intraoperative evaluation of the hepatic margin to ensure complete…
Cerebellum and Brainstem: Diagnosis Glial tumors are the most common primary tumor of the cerebellum and brainstem. This diffuse pontine glioma compresses the 4th ventricle and surrounds the basilar artery…
Adrenal and Paraganglia: Diagnosis The most common tumor of the adrenal is a benign adenoma arising from the cortex. Many are yellow-orange in color, as is the cortex, due to…
Lymph Nodes Below Diaphragm: Diagnosis Metastatic carcinomas should closely resemble the primary carcinoma. This abdominal lymph node shows both metastatic well-differentiated colon carcinoma and prostate carcinoma . Benign inclusions should…
Kidney Needle Biopsy: Evaluation for Adequacy Renal 16-g cores are typically 1 mm in diameter × 10-20 mm long (these are ˜ 13 mm). Glomeruli are pale or congested bulges;…
Colon: Diagnosis and Margins This invasive colon carcinoma is located far from the proximal and distal margins . Frozen section is unnecessary if the mucosa at the resection margins appears…
Kidney: Evaluation of Allograft Prior to Transplantation This donor kidney biopsy appears edematous and the glomeruli appear hypercellular , common artifacts of frozen sections. The percentage of globally sclerotic glomeruli…
Colon: Evaluation for Hirschsprung Disease In the normal colon, the myenteric plexus reveals typical ganglion cells with large eccentric nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm . In HD, ganglion…
Larynx: Diagnosis and Margins Invasive keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by irregular nests of atypical squamous epithelium, with focal areas of keratinization, eliciting a loose desmoplastic stromal response. Verrucous…
Specimen Handling, Whipple Laura Webb Lamps, MD Grace E. Kim, MD This illustration shows the Whipple (pancreaticoduodenectomy) procedure. Note the common bile duct margin , the pancreatic margin , and…
