Chemical Nerve Agents
Chemical Nerve Agents Daniel C. Keyes INTRODUCTION Terrorism has become a reality of life in many parts of the world. News reports frequently remind us of those individuals and groups…
Smooth Muscle Preparations
The results in Figure 4.1 can be displayed graphically by plotting the log concentration versus response (Figure 4.2). Figure 4.2 Log concentration–response curves for cholinesters. Questions 1. The responses are…
Basic Pharmacological Principles
According to the Law of Mass Action, the value of the dissociation constant (Kd) could be derived as follows: (2.2) It was fully appreciated at the time that Kd is…
Before Entering the Pharmacology Laboratory
Particular care must be to ensure that all the units are the same. For example, if 10 μL of a 1 mg/mL solution is added to 20 mL organ bath,…
Isolated Cells
To count the number of live cells in a suspension, the following procedure is followed: The haemocytometer is cleaned with alcohol and dried using tissue paper and lens tissue. The…
Biochemical Pharmacology
where the molar extinction coefficient of TNB is 1.36 × 104 L/mol/cm. This is the absorbance of a 1 M solution in a 1 cm light path. The total volume…
Complementary Methods for Teaching Practical Pharmacology
Elevated Plus Maze (Neophobia) Test The test apparatus consists of two open arms (45 cm×15 cm) and two enclosed arms at 180° to each other. The entire maze was made…
Isolated Tissues and Organs
Two designs of transducer are used, (1) isotonic, involving changes in length of the muscle and (2) isometric, where the length of the tissue is kept constant by an opposing…
Skeletal Muscle
Figure 6.2 Chart® record of antagonism of acetylcholine by d-tubocurarine in the presence of 1 μM serine in leech isolated dorsal muscle. The bath volume was 25 mL, and the…
Cardiovascular Preparations
It should be seen that salbutamol is about 100 times less potent than isoprenaline, suggesting that both drugs were acting on β1-adrenoceptors in the heart. At the doses selected, neither…
