Solubility
The concentration of drug dissolved at this point is known as the equilibrium solubility (usually the term solubility is used alone) and the solution is saturated. If the drug has…
Physical Form II – Amorphous Materials
What would happen if a metastable form could not form (if, for instance, the rate of cooling is too rapid)? Then the volume and enthalpy would continue to decrease along…
Powder Properties
Factors that contribute to driving forces include gravitation, particle mass, the angle of inclination of the powder and any applied load, while factors that contribute to drag forces include forces…
Particle Properties
The numerical aperture is dependent upon both the lens used and the refractive index (n) of the medium through which the light is transmitted: (10.2) where μ is the angle…
Partition Affinity
where P is the partition coefficient and the subscripts indicate the solvent phase. Note that it would be equally possible to define (3.2) In a physiological environment drug substances partition…
Dissolution
Additional work by various researchers elucidated the experimental factors that contributed to the proportionality constant k in Equation (5.1) (Brunner and Tolloczko, 1900; Brunner, 1904; Nernst 1904), leading to the…
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection 12-A. Infection and Fever Infections Bacterial Streptococcus pneumoniae [including penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae (PRSP)] Salmonella spp. (especially, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium) Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus [including…
Respiratory System
Respiratory System 11-A. Cough Acute Viral upper respiratory infection Pharyngitis Rhinitis Tracheobronchitis Bronchiolitis Gastroesophageal reflux Bacterial and other infections Pneumonia Sinusitis, especially maxillary Lung abscess Bordetella pertussis Asthma Inhalation of…
Nervous System
Nervous System 10-A. Dizziness and Vertigo Dizziness Hyperventilation Anxiety, psychosomatic causes Hypoxia Metabolic or endocrine disorder Anemia Infection (e.g., septicemia) Visual disturbances Incorrect spectacles Sudden extraocular muscle paresthesia with diplopia…
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System 9-A. Shoulder Pain Fracture Contusion Acromial-clavicular joint separation or injuries Rotator cuff tendonitis, rupture or impingement syndrome Bursitis Bicipital tendonitis (long head) Referred pain Diaphragmatic irritation Biliary disease…
